Kubernetes Roles and RoleBindings
Kubernetes Roles and RoleBindings
We can see that the current user is k8s, how can we change this to some other user, like pradeep user?
For that we need the signed certificate for that user first. We can retrieve the signed/issued certificate using this. Pay attention to the Status section, there is the certificate.
pradeep@learnk8s$ kubectl get csr/pradeep -o yaml
apiVersion: certificates.k8s.io/v1
kind: CertificateSigningRequest
metadata:
annotations:
kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration: |
{"apiVersion":"certificates.k8s.io/v1","kind":"CertificateSigningRequest","metadata":{"annotations":{},"name":"pradeep"},"spec":{"expirationSeconds":86400,"request":"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","signerName":"kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client","usages":["client auth"]}}
creationTimestamp: "2022-02-17T05:47:16Z"
name: pradeep
resourceVersion: "63056"
uid: 585f7670-134c-4062-a649-442054314407
spec:
expirationSeconds: 86400
groups:
- system:masters
- system:authenticated
request: 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
signerName: kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client
usages:
- client auth
username: minikube-user
status:
certificate: 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
conditions:
- lastTransitionTime: "2022-02-17T05:48:20Z"
lastUpdateTime: "2022-02-17T05:48:20Z"
message: This CSR was approved by kubectl certificate approve.
reason: KubectlApprove
status: "True"
type: Approved
The certificate value is in Base64-encoded format under status.certificate.
Let us export the issued certificate from the CertificateSigningRequest.
pradeep@learnk8s$ echo "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" | base64 -d > pradeep.crt
Just to confirm, let us view the certificate.
pradeep@learnk8s$ cat pradeep.crt
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
Roles and RoleBindings
With the certificate created it is time to define the Role and RoleBinding for this user pradeep to access Kubernetes cluster resources.
First let us create a role called developer who can create, get, list and update all pods.
pradeep@learnk8s$ kubectl create role developer --verb=create --verb=get --verb=list --verb=update --verb=delete --resource=pods
role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/developer created
Next, we have to bind this role to the user, by creating a role binding and giving it a name, in this case developer-pradeep.
pradeep@learnk8s$ kubectl create rolebinding developer-pradeep --role=developer --user=pradeep
rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/developer-pradeep created
To verify the role:
pradeep@learnk8s$ kubectl get roles
NAME CREATED AT
developer 2022-02-17T06:25:08Z
Rolebinding:
pradeep@learnk8s$ kubectl get rolebindings
NAME ROLE AGE
developer-pradeep Role/developer 26s
The last step is to add this user pradeep into the kubeconfig file.
For this, first, you need to add new credentials:
pradeep@learnk8s$ kubectl config set-credentials pradeep --client-key=pradeep.key --client-certificate=pradeep.crt --embed-certs=true
User "pradeep" set.
Then, you need to add the context:
pradeep@learnk8s$ kubectl config set-context pradeep --cluster=k8s --user=pradeep
Context "pradeep" created.
Let us check the available contexts first.
pradeep@learnk8s$ kubectl config get-contexts
CURRENT NAME CLUSTER AUTHINFO NAMESPACE
* k8s k8s k8s default
pradeep k8s pradeep
We can see there are two, k8s the old (default) one and the pradeep context which is new. Looking at the first column CURRENT, the * mark is present for the k8s context, indicating that it is the active context.
With this change, let us take another look at the kubectl config file.
pradeep@learnk8s$ kubectl config view
apiVersion: v1
clusters:
- cluster:
certificate-authority: /Users/pradeep/.minikube/ca.crt
extensions:
- extension:
last-update: Tue, 15 Feb 2022 12:28:03 IST
provider: minikube.sigs.k8s.io
version: v1.25.1
name: cluster_info
server: https://192.168.177.29:8443
name: k8s
contexts:
- context:
cluster: k8s
extensions:
- extension:
last-update: Tue, 15 Feb 2022 12:28:03 IST
provider: minikube.sigs.k8s.io
version: v1.25.1
name: context_info
namespace: default
user: k8s
name: k8s
- context:
cluster: k8s
user: pradeep
name: pradeep
current-context: pradeep
kind: Config
preferences: {}
users:
- name: k8s
user:
client-certificate: /Users/pradeep/.minikube/profiles/k8s/client.crt
client-key: /Users/pradeep/.minikube/profiles/k8s/client.key
- name: pradeep
user:
client-certificate-data: REDACTED
client-key-data: REDACTED
We can see that , there is still one cluster, but two contexts and two users.
It is time to test all the work done in the last half an hour by switching the context.
pradeep@learnk8s$ kubectl config use-context pradeep
Switched to context "pradeep".
Verify it one more way.
pradeep@learnk8s$ kubectl config current-context
pradeep
Now that we are sure of the current-context, let us get the pods as this new user pradeep.
pradeep@learnk8s$ kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
kodekloud-8477b7849-blzrs 1/1 Running 0 46h
kodekloud-8477b7849-jkfmr 1/1 Running 0 46h
kodekloud-8477b7849-m65m8 1/1 Running 0 46h
kodekloud-8477b7849-rgbmn 1/1 Running 0 46h
kodekloud-change-color 1/1 Running 0 43h
kodekloud-cm 1/1 Running 0 39h
kodekloud-env-color 1/1 Running 0 40h
kodekloud-env-color-2 1/1 Running 0 40h
kodekloud-secret 1/1 Running 0 29h
multi-containers 1/2 NotReady 0 28h
pod-with-init-container 1/1 Running 14 (12m ago) 28h
Yay! 
We could get the pods as user pradeep.
Let us try to get the nodes this time.
pradeep@learnk8s$ kubectl get nodes
Error from server (Forbidden): nodes is forbidden: User "pradeep" cannot list resource "nodes" in API group "" at the cluster scope
Try accessing deployments.
pradeep@learnk8s$ kubectl get deployments
Error from server (Forbidden): deployments.apps is forbidden: User "pradeep" cannot list resource "deployments" in API group "apps" in the namespace "default"
What happened? It is Forbidden. But, this is expected, right?! We only gave permission for Pods. Isn’t it?
We can’t verify that (if we don’t remember what we have given for this user/role) from the current context.
pradeep@learnk8s$ kubectl describe roles developer
Error from server (Forbidden): roles.rbac.authorization.k8s.io "developer" is forbidden: User "pradeep" cannot get resource "roles" in API group "rbac.authorization.k8s.io" in the namespace "default"
So, we have to switch the context back to k8s.
pradeep@learnk8s$ kubectl config use-context k8s
Switched to context "k8s".
Describe the developer role and check what all Resources this role has access to.
pradeep@learnk8s$ kubectl describe roles developer
Name: developer
Labels: <none>
Annotations: <none>
PolicyRule:
Resources Non-Resource URLs Resource Names Verbs
--------- ----------------- -------------- -----
pods [] [] [create get list update delete]
This confirms that, any user who is given this role of developer can only work with pods.
Here is the same in YAML form.
pradeep@learnk8s$ kubectl get roles developer -o yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: Role
metadata:
creationTimestamp: "2022-02-17T06:25:08Z"
name: developer
namespace: default
resourceVersion: "64839"
uid: 9eae4036-0858-4c09-8c06-7532d74ca1aa
rules:
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- pods
verbs:
- create
- get
- list
- update
- delete
How can we give access to deployments for this developer? We just need to add additional resource of deployments.
Let us edit the developer role.
pradeep@learnk8s$ kubectl edit role developer
role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/developer edited
Describe the role after editing it, just to confirm we have additional access to deployments. We have modified few Verbs as well (removed some access!)
pradeep@learnk8s$ kubectl describe role developer
Name: developer
Labels: <none>
Annotations: <none>
PolicyRule:
Resources Non-Resource URLs Resource Names Verbs
--------- ----------------- -------------- -----
deployments [] [] [get list]
pods [] [] [get list]
This is modified YAML version of the developer role.
pradeep@learnk8s$ kubectl get role developer -o yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: Role
metadata:
creationTimestamp: "2022-02-17T06:25:08Z"
name: developer
namespace: default
resourceVersion: "66960"
uid: 9eae4036-0858-4c09-8c06-7532d74ca1aa
rules:
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- deployments
- pods
verbs:
- get
- list
Now switch back to the pradeep context and verify if you can get the nodes.
pradeep@learnk8s$ kubectl config use-context pradeep
Switched to context "pradeep".
Let us see if pradeep can get deployments.
pradeep@learnk8s$ kubectl get deployments
Error from server (Forbidden): deployments.apps is forbidden: User "pradeep" cannot list resource "deployments" in API group "apps" in the namespace "default"
Still Forbidden. It is do with the apiGroups settings. Currently we did not specify anything, it was left blank.
We can edit again, change the apiGroups to any with the *. Though in production environment, we might want to be more specific and only configured limited groups as needed.
pradeep@learnk8s$ kubectl config use-context k8s
Switched to context "k8s".
pradeep@learnk8s$ kubectl edit role developer
role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/developer edited
Look at the apiGroups value of *.
pradeep@learnk8s$ kubectl get role developer -o yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: Role
metadata:
creationTimestamp: "2022-02-17T06:25:08Z"
name: developer
namespace: default
resourceVersion: "67224"
uid: 9eae4036-0858-4c09-8c06-7532d74ca1aa
rules:
- apiGroups:
- '*'
resources:
- deployments
- pods
verbs:
- get
- list
To test if this is working or not for pradeep user, there is another away, without switching context. We can make use of the --as option (impersonation).
Before modifying the apiGroup setting, it was like this, for the same test.
pradeep@learnk8s$ kubectl get deployment --as pradeep
Error from server (Forbidden): deployments.apps is forbidden: User "pradeep" cannot list resource "deployments" in API group "apps" in the namespace "default"
Now that we modified,
pradeep@learnk8s$ kubectl get deployment --as pradeep
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
kodekloud 4/4 4 4 2d
Though this test confirms that pradeep can get the deployments, let us switch context and verify one more time.
pradeep@learnk8s$ kubectl config use-context pradeep
Switched to context "pradeep".
pradeep@learnk8s$ kubectl get deployments
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
kodekloud 4/4 4 4 2d
Congratulations!
