Distributed Load Testing Using Kubernetes

In this lab you will learn how to use Kubernetes Engine to deploy a distributed load testing framework. The framework uses multiple containers to create load testing traffic for a simple REST-based API. Although this solution tests a simple web application, the same pattern can be used to create more complex load testing scenarios such as gaming or Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications. This solution discusses the general architecture of a container-based load testing framework.

System under test

For this lab the system under test is a small web application deployed to Google App Engine. The application exposes basic REST-style endpoints to capture incoming HTTP POST requests (incoming data is not persisted).

Example workloads

The application that you’ll deploy is modeled after the backend service component found in many Internet-of-Things (IoT) deployments. Devices first register with the service and then begin reporting metrics or sensor readings, while also periodically re-registering with the service.

To model this interaction, you’ll use Locust, a distributed, Python-based load testing tool that is capable of distributing requests across multiple target paths. For example, Locust can distribute requests to the /login and /metrics target paths.

The workload is based on the interaction described above and is modeled as a set of Tasks in Locust. To approximate real-world clients, each Locust task is weighted. For example, registration happens once per thousand total client requests.

Container-based computing

The Locust container image is a Docker image that contains the Locust software.
A container cluster consists of at least one cluster master and multiple worker machines called nodes. These master and node machines run the Kubernetes cluster orchestration system. For more information about clusters, see the Kubernetes Engine documentation
A pod is one or more containers deployed together on one host, and the smallest compute unit that can be defined, deployed, and managed. Some pods contain only a single container. For example, in this lab, each of the Locust containers runs in its own pod.
A Deployment controller provides declarative updates for Pods and ReplicaSets. This lab has two deployments: one for locust-master and other for locust-worker.

Services

A particular pod can disappear for a variety of reasons, including node failure or intentional node disruption for updates or maintenance. This means that the IP address of a pod does not provide a reliable interface for that pod. A more reliable approach would use an abstract representation of that interface that never changes, even if the underlying pod disappears and is replaced by a new pod with a different IP address. A Kubernetes Engine service provides this type of abstract interface by defining a logical set of pods and a policy for accessing them.

In this lab there are several services that represent pods or sets of pods. For example, there is a service for the DNS server pod, another service for the Locust master pod, and a service that represents all 10 Locust worker pods.

Create a system under test i.e. a small web application deployed to Google App Engine.
Use Kubernetes Engine to deploy a distributed load testing framework.
Create load testing traffic for a simple REST-based API.

Set project and zone

Define environment variables for the project id, region and zone you want to use for the lab.

Welcome to Cloud Shell! Type "help" to get started.
Your Cloud Platform project in this session is set to qwiklabs-gcp-04-32db76504dc6.
Use “gcloud config set project [PROJECT_ID]” to change to a different project.
student_01_7771ea220d2b@cloudshell:~ (qwiklabs-gcp-04-32db76504dc6)$ PROJECT=$(gcloud config get-value project)
REGION=us-east1
ZONE=us-east1-d
CLUSTER=gke-load-test
TARGET=${PROJECT}.appspot.com
gcloud config set compute/region $REGION
gcloud config set compute/zone $ZONE
Your active configuration is: [cloudshell-19139]
WARNING: Property validation for compute/region was skipped.
Updated property [compute/region].
WARNING: Property validation for compute/zone was skipped.
Updated property [compute/zone].
student_01_7771ea220d2b@cloudshell:~ (qwiklabs-gcp-04-32db76504dc6)$ 

Get the sample code and build a Docker image for the application

tudent_01_7771ea220d2b@cloudshell:~ (qwiklabs-gcp-04-32db76504dc6)$ gsutil -m cp -r gs://spls/gsp182/distributed-load-testing-using-kubernetes .
Copying gs://spls/gsp182/distributed-load-testing-using-kubernetes/.git/FETCH_HEAD...
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student_01_7771ea220d2b@cloudshell:~ (qwiklabs-gcp-04-32db76504dc6)$ 

student_01_7771ea220d2b@cloudshell:~ (qwiklabs-gcp-04-32db76504dc6)$ cd distributed-load-testing-using-kubernetes/sample-webapp/
student_01_7771ea220d2b@cloudshell:~/distributed-load-testing-using-kubernetes/sample-webapp (qwiklabs-gcp-04-32db76504dc6)$ sed -i "s/python37/python39/g" app.yaml
student_01_7771ea220d2b@cloudshell:~/distributed-load-testing-using-kubernetes/sample-webapp (qwiklabs-gcp-04-32db76504dc6)$ cd ..
student_01_7771ea220d2b@cloudshell:~/distributed-load-testing-using-kubernetes (qwiklabs-gcp-04-32db76504dc6)$

student_01_7771ea220d2b@cloudshell:~/distributed-load-testing-using-kubernetes (qwiklabs-gcp-04-32db76504dc6)$ gcloud builds submit --tag gcr.io/$PROJECT/locust-tasks:latest docker-image/.
Creating temporary archive of 16 file(s) totalling 18.3 KiB before compression.
Uploading tarball of [docker-image/.] to [gs://qwiklabs-gcp-04-32db76504dc6_cloudbuild/source/1716171339.2951-44abf0da5c564e3a9c9e52bcdf4e08cf.tgz]
Created [https://cloudbuild.googleapis.com/v1/projects/qwiklabs-gcp-04-32db76504dc6/locations/global/builds/e9d86a1d-d33a-4395-8181-4c3d21f16d0b].
Logs are available at [ https://console.cloud.google.com/cloud-build/builds/e9d86a1d-d33a-4395-8181-4c3d21f16d0b?project=135945371566 ].
Waiting for build to complete. Polling interval: 1 second(s).
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starting build "e9d86a1d-d33a-4395-8181-4c3d21f16d0b"

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Step 4/7 : RUN pip install -r /locust-tasks/requirements.txt
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Building wheels for collected packages: msgpack-python
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Installing collected packages: certifi, chardet, Click, itsdangerous, MarkupSafe, Jinja2, Werkzeug, Flask, greenlet, gevent, idna, pyzmq, msgpack, urllib3, requests, six, locustio, msgpack-python
Successfully installed Click-7.0 Flask-1.0.2 Jinja2-2.10.1 MarkupSafe-1.1.1 Werkzeug-0.15.1 certifi-2019.3.9 chardet-3.0.4 gevent-1.4.0 greenlet-0.4.15 idna-2.8 itsdangerous-1.1.0 locustio-0.11.0 msgpack-0.6.1 msgpack-python-0.5.6 pyzmq-18.0.1 requests-2.21.0 six-1.12.0 urllib3-1.24.2
You are using pip version 19.0.3, however version 24.0 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.
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ID: e9d86a1d-d33a-4395-8181-4c3d21f16d0b
CREATE_TIME: 2024-05-20T02:15:41+00:00
DURATION: 1M8S
SOURCE: gs://qwiklabs-gcp-04-32db76504dc6_cloudbuild/source/1716171339.2951-44abf0da5c564e3a9c9e52bcdf4e08cf.tgz
IMAGES: gcr.io/qwiklabs-gcp-04-32db76504dc6/locust-tasks (+1 more)
STATUS: SUCCESS
student_01_7771ea220d2b@cloudshell:~/distributed-load-testing-using-kubernetes (qwiklabs-gcp-04-32db76504dc6)$ 

Deploy web application

The sample-webapp folder contains a simple Google App Engine Python application as the “system under test”.

student_01_7771ea220d2b@cloudshell:~/distributed-load-testing-using-kubernetes (qwiklabs-gcp-04-32db76504dc6)$ cat sample-webapp/app.yaml 
# Copyright 2015 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.


runtime: python39

instance_class: F2

handlers:
- url: /.*
  script: auto
student_01_7771ea220d2b@cloudshell:~/distributed-load-testing-using-kubernetes (qwiklabs-gcp-04-32db76504dc6)$ 

student_01_7771ea220d2b@cloudshell:~/distributed-load-testing-using-kubernetes (qwiklabs-gcp-04-32db76504dc6)$ cat sample-webapp/main.py 
#!/usr/bin/env python

# Copyright 2019 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.


from flask import Flask, request

app = Flask(__name__)


@app.route('/')
def root():
    return 'Welcome to the "Distributed Load Testing Using Kubernetes" sample web app\n'

@app.route('/login',  methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def login():
    deviceid = request.values.get('deviceid')
    return '/login - device: {}\n'.format(deviceid)

@app.route('/metrics',  methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def metrics():
    deviceid = request.values.get('deviceid')
    timestamp = request.values.get('timestamp')
    
    return '/metrics - device: {}, timestamp: {}\n'.format(deviceid, timestamp)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    # This is used when running locally only. When deploying to Google App
    # Engine, a webserver process such as Gunicorn will serve the app. This
    # can be configured by adding an `entrypoint` to app.yaml.
    # Flask's development server will automatically serve static files in
    # the "static" directory. See:
    # http://flask.pocoo.org/docs/1.0/quickstart/#static-files. Once deployed,
    # App Engine itself will serve those files as configured in app.yaml.
    app.run(host='127.0.0.1', port=8080, debug=True)
student_01_7771ea220d2b@cloudshell:~/distributed-load-testing-using-kubernetes (qwiklabs-gcp-04-32db76504dc6)$ 

student_01_7771ea220d2b@cloudshell:~/distributed-load-testing-using-kubernetes (qwiklabs-gcp-04-32db76504dc6)$ gcloud app deploy sample-webapp/app.yaml
You are creating an app for project [qwiklabs-gcp-04-32db76504dc6].
WARNING: Creating an App Engine application for a project is irreversible and the region
cannot be changed. More information about regions is at
<https://cloud.google.com/appengine/docs/locations>.

Please choose the region where you want your App Engine application located:

 [1] asia-east1    (supports standard and flexible)
 [2] asia-northeast1 (supports standard and flexible and search_api)
 [3] asia-south1   (supports standard and flexible and search_api)
 [4] asia-southeast1 (supports standard and flexible)
 [5] australia-southeast1 (supports standard and flexible and search_api)
 [6] europe-central2 (supports standard and flexible)
 [7] europe-west   (supports standard and flexible and search_api)
 [8] europe-west2  (supports standard and flexible and search_api)
 [9] europe-west3  (supports standard and flexible and search_api)
 [10] us-central    (supports standard and flexible and search_api)
 [11] us-east1      (supports standard and flexible and search_api)
 [12] us-east4      (supports standard and flexible and search_api)
 [13] us-west1      (supports standard and flexible)
 [14] us-west2      (supports standard and flexible and search_api)
 [15] us-west3      (supports standard and flexible and search_api)
 [16] us-west4      (supports standard and flexible and search_api)
 [17] cancel
Please enter your numeric choice:  11

Creating App Engine application in project [qwiklabs-gcp-04-32db76504dc6] and region [us-east1]....done.                                                                           
Services to deploy:

descriptor:                  [/home/student_01_7771ea220d2b/distributed-load-testing-using-kubernetes/sample-webapp/app.yaml]
source:                      [/home/student_01_7771ea220d2b/distributed-load-testing-using-kubernetes/sample-webapp]
target project:              [qwiklabs-gcp-04-32db76504dc6]
target service:              [default]
target version:              [20240520t021858]
target url:                  [https://qwiklabs-gcp-04-32db76504dc6.ue.r.appspot.com]
target service account:      [qwiklabs-gcp-04-32db76504dc6@appspot.gserviceaccount.com]


Do you want to continue (Y/n)?  y

Beginning deployment of service [default]...
Created .gcloudignore file. See `gcloud topic gcloudignore` for details.
Uploading 4 files to Google Cloud Storage
25%
50%
75%
100%
100%
File upload done.
Updating service [default]...done.                                                                                                                                                 
Setting traffic split for service [default]...done.                                                                                                                                
Deployed service [default] to [https://qwiklabs-gcp-04-32db76504dc6.ue.r.appspot.com]

You can stream logs from the command line by running:
  $ gcloud app logs tail -s default

To view your application in the web browser run:
  $ gcloud app browse
student_01_7771ea220d2b@cloudshell:~/distributed-load-testing-using-kubernetes (qwiklabs-gcp-04-32db76504dc6)$ 

You will need the URL of the deployed sample web application when deploying the locust-master and locust-worker deployments which is already stored in TARGET variable.

Deploy Kubernetes cluster

Create the Google Kubernetes Engine cluster using the gcloud command shown below:

student_01_7771ea220d2b@cloudshell:~/distributed-load-testing-using-kubernetes (qwiklabs-gcp-04-32db76504dc6)$ gcloud container clusters create $CLUSTER \
  --zone $ZONE \
  --num-nodes=5
Default change: VPC-native is the default mode during cluster creation for versions greater than 1.21.0-gke.1500. To create advanced routes based clusters, please pass the `--no-enable-ip-alias` flag
Note: Your Pod address range (`--cluster-ipv4-cidr`) can accommodate at most 1008 node(s).
Creating cluster gke-load-test in us-east1-d... Cluster is being health-checked (master is healthy)...done.                                                                        
Created [https://container.googleapis.com/v1/projects/qwiklabs-gcp-04-32db76504dc6/zones/us-east1-d/clusters/gke-load-test].
To inspect the contents of your cluster, go to: https://console.cloud.google.com/kubernetes/workload_/gcloud/us-east1-d/gke-load-test?project=qwiklabs-gcp-04-32db76504dc6
kubeconfig entry generated for gke-load-test.
NAME: gke-load-test
LOCATION: us-east1-d
MASTER_VERSION: 1.28.8-gke.1095000
MASTER_IP: 104.196.167.99
MACHINE_TYPE: e2-medium
NODE_VERSION: 1.28.8-gke.1095000
NUM_NODES: 5
STATUS: RUNNING
student_01_7771ea220d2b@cloudshell:~/distributed-load-testing-using-kubernetes (qwiklabs-gcp-04-32db76504dc6)$ 

student_01_7771ea220d2b@cloudshell:~/distributed-load-testing-using-kubernetes (qwiklabs-gcp-04-32db76504dc6)$ kubectl get nodes
NAME                                           STATUS   ROLES    AGE   VERSION
gke-gke-load-test-default-pool-08c73817-0v36   Ready    <none>   60s   v1.28.8-gke.1095000
gke-gke-load-test-default-pool-08c73817-8jsc   Ready    <none>   64s   v1.28.8-gke.1095000
gke-gke-load-test-default-pool-08c73817-crpb   Ready    <none>   64s   v1.28.8-gke.1095000
gke-gke-load-test-default-pool-08c73817-drg8   Ready    <none>   64s   v1.28.8-gke.1095000
gke-gke-load-test-default-pool-08c73817-s4s2   Ready    <none>   63s   v1.28.8-gke.1095000
student_01_7771ea220d2b@cloudshell:~/distributed-load-testing-using-kubernetes (qwiklabs-gcp-04-32db76504dc6)$ kubectl get pods
No resources found in default namespace.
student_01_7771ea220d2b@cloudshell:~/distributed-load-testing-using-kubernetes (qwiklabs-gcp-04-32db76504dc6)$ kubectl get ns
NAME                 STATUS   AGE
default              Active   2m31s
gke-managed-system   Active   2m6s
gmp-public           Active   114s
gmp-system           Active   114s
kube-node-lease      Active   2m31s
kube-public          Active   2m31s
kube-system          Active   2m31s
student_01_7771ea220d2b@cloudshell:~/distributed-load-testing-using-kubernetes (qwiklabs-gcp-04-32db76504dc6)$ kubectl get svc
NAME         TYPE        CLUSTER-IP    EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)   AGE
kubernetes   ClusterIP   10.51.240.1   <none>        443/TCP   2m32s
student_01_7771ea220d2b@cloudshell:~/distributed-load-testing-using-kubernetes (qwiklabs-gcp-04-32db76504dc6)$ 

Load testing master

The first component of the deployment is the Locust master, which is the entry point for executing the load testing tasks described above. The Locust master is deployed with a single replica because we need only one master.

The configuration for the master deployment specifies several elements, including the ports that need to be exposed by the container (8089 for web interface, 5557 and 5558 for communicating with workers). This information is later used to configure the Locust workers.

Deploy locust-master

Replace [TARGET_HOST] and [PROJECT_ID] in locust-master-controller.yaml and locust-worker-controller.yaml with the deployed endpoint and project-id respectively.

student_01_7771ea220d2b@cloudshell:~/distributed-load-testing-using-kubernetes (qwiklabs-gcp-04-32db76504dc6)$ sed -i -e "s/\[TARGET_HOST\]/$TARGET/g" kubernetes-config/locust-master-controller.yaml
sed -i -e "s/\[TARGET_HOST\]/$TARGET/g" kubernetes-config/locust-worker-controller.yaml
sed -i -e "s/\[PROJECT_ID\]/$PROJECT/g" kubernetes-config/locust-master-controller.yaml
sed -i -e "s/\[PROJECT_ID\]/$PROJECT/g" kubernetes-config/locust-worker-controller.yaml
student_01_7771ea220d2b@cloudshell:~/distributed-load-testing-using-kubernetes (qwiklabs-gcp-04-32db76504dc6)$

student_01_7771ea220d2b@cloudshell:~/distributed-load-testing-using-kubernetes (qwiklabs-gcp-04-32db76504dc6)$ cat kubernetes-config/locust-master-controller.yaml
# Copyright 2015 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.


apiVersion: "apps/v1"
kind: "Deployment"
metadata:
  name: locust-master
  labels:
    name: locust-master
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: locust-master
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: locust-master
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: locust-master
          image: gcr.io/qwiklabs-gcp-04-32db76504dc6/locust-tasks:latest
          env:
            - name: LOCUST_MODE
              value: master
            - name: TARGET_HOST
              value: https://qwiklabs-gcp-04-32db76504dc6.appspot.com
          ports:
            - name: loc-master-web
              containerPort: 8089
              protocol: TCP
            - name: loc-master-p1
              containerPort: 5557
              protocol: TCP
            - name: loc-master-p2
              containerPort: 5558
              protocol: TCP
student_01_7771ea220d2b@cloudshell:~/distributed-load-testing-using-kubernetes (qwiklabs-gcp-04-32db76504dc6)$ 

student_01_7771ea220d2b@cloudshell:~/distributed-load-testing-using-kubernetes (qwiklabs-gcp-04-32db76504dc6)$ cat kubernetes-config/locust-worker-controller.yaml 
# Copyright 2015 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

apiVersion: "apps/v1"
kind: "Deployment"
metadata:
  name: locust-worker
  labels:
    name: locust-worker
spec:
  replicas: 5
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: locust-worker
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: locust-worker
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: locust-worker
          image: gcr.io/qwiklabs-gcp-04-32db76504dc6/locust-tasks:latest
          env:
            - name: LOCUST_MODE
              value: worker
            - name: LOCUST_MASTER
              value: locust-master
            - name: TARGET_HOST
              value: https://qwiklabs-gcp-04-32db76504dc6.appspot.com
student_01_7771ea220d2b@cloudshell:~/distributed-load-testing-using-kubernetes (qwiklabs-gcp-04-32db76504dc6)$ 

student_01_7771ea220d2b@cloudshell:~/distributed-load-testing-using-kubernetes (qwiklabs-gcp-04-32db76504dc6)$ cat kubernetes-config/locust-master-service.yaml 
# Copyright 2015 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.


kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: locust-master
  labels:
    app: locust-master
spec:
  ports:
    - port: 8089
      targetPort: loc-master-web
      protocol: TCP
      name: loc-master-web
    - port: 5557
      targetPort: loc-master-p1
      protocol: TCP
      name: loc-master-p1
    - port: 5558
      targetPort: loc-master-p2
      protocol: TCP
      name: loc-master-p2
  selector:
    app: locust-master
  type: LoadBalancer
student_01_7771ea220d2b@cloudshell:~/distributed-load-testing-using-kubernetes (qwiklabs-gcp-04-32db76504dc6)$ 

student_01_7771ea220d2b@cloudshell:~/distributed-load-testing-using-kubernetes (qwiklabs-gcp-04-32db76504dc6)$ kubectl apply -f kubernetes-config/locust-master-controller.yaml
deployment.apps/locust-master created
student_01_7771ea220d2b@cloudshell:~/distributed-load-testing-using-kubernetes (qwiklabs-gcp-04-32db76504dc6)$ kubectl get pods -l app=locust-master
NAME                             READY   STATUS              RESTARTS   AGE
locust-master-56876895bc-fq7r6   0/1     ContainerCreating   0          9s
student_01_7771ea220d2b@cloudshell:~/distributed-load-testing-using-kubernetes (qwiklabs-gcp-04-32db76504dc6)$ kubectl apply -f kubernetes-config/locust-master-service.yaml
service/locust-master created
student_01_7771ea220d2b@cloudshell:~/distributed-load-testing-using-kubernetes (qwiklabs-gcp-04-32db76504dc6)$ kubectl get svc locust-master
NAME            TYPE           CLUSTER-IP     EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)                                        AGE
locust-master   LoadBalancer   10.51.251.92   <pending>     8089:31893/TCP,5557:31527/TCP,5558:31684/TCP   6s
student_01_7771ea220d2b@cloudshell:~/distributed-load-testing-using-kubernetes (qwiklabs-gcp-04-32db76504dc6)$ kubectl get pods -l app=locust-master
NAME                             READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
locust-master-56876895bc-fq7r6   1/1     Running   0          48s
student_01_7771ea220d2b@cloudshell:~/distributed-load-testing-using-kubernetes (qwiklabs-gcp-04-32db76504dc6)$ kubectl get svc locust-master
NAME            TYPE           CLUSTER-IP     EXTERNAL-IP     PORT(S)                                        AGE
locust-master   LoadBalancer   10.51.251.92   35.196.106.66   8089:31893/TCP,5557:31527/TCP,5558:31684/TCP   55s
student_01_7771ea220d2b@cloudshell:~/distributed-load-testing-using-kubernetes (qwiklabs-gcp-04-32db76504dc6)$ 

Load testing workers

The next component of the deployment includes the Locust workers, which execute the load testing tasks described above. The Locust workers are deployed by a single deployment that creates multiple pods. The pods are spread out across the Kubernetes cluster. Each pod uses environment variables to control important configuration information such as the hostname of the system under test and the hostname of the Locust master.

student_01_7771ea220d2b@cloudshell:~/distributed-load-testing-using-kubernetes (qwiklabs-gcp-04-32db76504dc6)$ kubectl apply -f kubernetes-config/locust-worker-controller.yaml
deployment.apps/locust-worker created
student_01_7771ea220d2b@cloudshell:~/distributed-load-testing-using-kubernetes (qwiklabs-gcp-04-32db76504dc6)$ kubectl get pods -l app=locust-worker
NAME                             READY   STATUS              RESTARTS   AGE
locust-worker-6bd869cb4b-72h4g   0/1     ContainerCreating   0          13s
locust-worker-6bd869cb4b-jzcp6   1/1     Running             0          13s
locust-worker-6bd869cb4b-s4hr4   0/1     ContainerCreating   0          13s
locust-worker-6bd869cb4b-wpdsz   0/1     ContainerCreating   0          13s
locust-worker-6bd869cb4b-x547b   1/1     Running             0          13s
student_01_7771ea220d2b@cloudshell:~/distributed-load-testing-using-kubernetes (qwiklabs-gcp-04-32db76504dc6)$ 

Scaling up the number of simulated users will require an increase in the number of Locust worker pods. To increase the number of pods deployed by the deployment, Kubernetes offers the ability to resize deployments without redeploying them.

student_01_7771ea220d2b@cloudshell:~/distributed-load-testing-using-kubernetes (qwiklabs-gcp-04-32db76504dc6)$ kubectl scale deployment/locust-worker --replicas=20
deployment.apps/locust-worker scaled
student_01_7771ea220d2b@cloudshell:~/distributed-load-testing-using-kubernetes (qwiklabs-gcp-04-32db76504dc6)$ kubectl get pods -l app=locust-worker
NAME                             READY   STATUS              RESTARTS   AGE
locust-worker-6bd869cb4b-72h4g   1/1     Running             0          83s
locust-worker-6bd869cb4b-7gxwh   1/1     Running             0          7s
locust-worker-6bd869cb4b-8f4t8   1/1     Running             0          7s
locust-worker-6bd869cb4b-9jtm7   1/1     Running             0          7s
locust-worker-6bd869cb4b-b5lzb   1/1     Running             0          7s
locust-worker-6bd869cb4b-b7tkx   1/1     Running             0          8s
locust-worker-6bd869cb4b-bdgmz   1/1     Running             0          7s
locust-worker-6bd869cb4b-bp5p9   1/1     Running             0          7s
locust-worker-6bd869cb4b-gkkcv   0/1     ContainerCreating   0          7s
locust-worker-6bd869cb4b-j759b   1/1     Running             0          7s
locust-worker-6bd869cb4b-jzcp6   1/1     Running             0          83s
locust-worker-6bd869cb4b-kttt5   1/1     Running             0          7s
locust-worker-6bd869cb4b-nr95b   1/1     Running             0          7s
locust-worker-6bd869cb4b-ntqdg   0/1     ContainerCreating   0          7s
locust-worker-6bd869cb4b-rbf8m   1/1     Running             0          7s
locust-worker-6bd869cb4b-s4hr4   1/1     Running             0          83s
locust-worker-6bd869cb4b-tn5nx   1/1     Running             0          7s
locust-worker-6bd869cb4b-wpdsz   1/1     Running             0          83s
locust-worker-6bd869cb4b-x547b   1/1     Running             0          83s
locust-worker-6bd869cb4b-xx5lf   1/1     Running             0          7s
student_01_7771ea220d2b@cloudshell:~/distributed-load-testing-using-kubernetes (qwiklabs-gcp-04-32db76504dc6)$ 

After the Locust workers are deployed, you can return to the Locust master web interface and see that the number of slaves corresponds to the number of deployed workers.

The following diagram shows the relationship between the Locust master and the Locust workers:

The flow from the Locust master to the Locust worker to the application

Execute tests

To execute the Locust tests, get the external IP address by following command

student_01_7771ea220d2b@cloudshell:~/distributed-load-testing-using-kubernetes (qwiklabs-gcp-04-32db76504dc6)$ EXTERNAL_IP=$(kubectl get svc locust-master -o yaml | grep ip: | awk -F": " '{print $NF}')
echo http://$EXTERNAL_IP:8089
http://35.196.106.66:8089
student_01_7771ea220d2b@cloudshell:~/distributed-load-testing-using-kubernetes (qwiklabs-gcp-04-32db76504dc6)$ 

The Locust master web interface enables you to execute the load testing tasks against the system under test.

To begin, specify the total number of users to simulate and a rate at which each user should be spawned.
Next, click Start swarming to begin the simulation. For example you can specify Number of users to simulate as 300 and Hatch rate as 10.
Click Start swarming.

As time progresses and users are spawned, statistics aggregate for simulation metrics, such as the number of requests and requests per second.

To stop the simulation, click Stop and the test will terminate. The complete results can be downloaded into a spreadsheet.

History

student_01_7771ea220d2b@cloudshell:~/distributed-load-testing-using-kubernetes (qwiklabs-gcp-04-32db76504dc6)$ history 
PROJECT=$(gcloud config get-value project)
REGION=us-east1
ZONE=us-east1-d
CLUSTER=gke-load-test
TARGET=${PROJECT}.appspot.com
gcloud config set compute/region $REGION
gcloud config set compute/zone $ZONE
gsutil -m cp -r gs://spls/gsp182/distributed-load-testing-using-kubernetes .
cd distributed-load-testing-using-kubernetes/sample-webapp/
sed -i "s/python37/python39/g" app.yaml
cd ..
gcloud builds submit --tag gcr.io/$PROJECT/locust-tasks:latest docker-image/.
gcloud app deploy sample-webapp/app.yaml
cat sample-webapp/app.yaml 
cat sample-webapp/main.py 
gcloud container clusters create $CLUSTER   --zone $ZONE   --num-nodes=5
kubectl get nodes
kubectl get pods
kubectl get ns
kubectl get svc
ls
ls kubernetes-config/locust-master-
ls kubernetes-config/locust-master-controller.yaml 
cat kubernetes-config/locust-master-controller.yaml
sed -i -e "s/\[TARGET_HOST\]/$TARGET/g" kubernetes-config/locust-master-controller.yaml
sed -i -e "s/\[TARGET_HOST\]/$TARGET/g" kubernetes-config/locust-worker-controller.yaml
sed -i -e "s/\[PROJECT_ID\]/$PROJECT/g" kubernetes-config/locust-master-controller.yaml
sed -i -e "s/\[PROJECT_ID\]/$PROJECT/g" kubernetes-config/locust-worker-controller.yaml
cat kubernetes-config/locust-master-controller.yaml
cat kubernetes-config/locust-worker-controller.yaml 
cat kubernetes-config/locust-master-service.yaml 
kubectl apply -f kubernetes-config/locust-master-controller.yaml
kubectl get pods -l app=locust-master
kubectl apply -f kubernetes-config/locust-master-service.yaml
kubectl get svc locust-master
kubectl get pods -l app=locust-master
kubectl get svc locust-master
kubectl apply -f kubernetes-config/locust-worker-controller.yaml
kubectl get pods -l app=locust-worker
kubectl scale deployment/locust-worker --replicas=20
kubectl get pods -l app=locust-worker
EXTERNAL_IP=$(kubectl get svc locust-master -o yaml | grep ip: | awk -F": " '{print $NF}')
echo http://$EXTERNAL_IP:8089
history 
student_01_7771ea220d2b@cloudshell:~/distributed-load-testing-using-kubernetes (qwiklabs-gcp-04-32db76504dc6)$ 

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Distributed Load Testing Using Kubernetes

Distributed Load Testing Using Kubernetes

Associate Cloud Engineer

Topics

Distributed Load Testing Using Kubernetes

System under test

Example workloads

Container-based computing

Services

Set project and zone

Get the sample code and build a Docker image for the application

Deploy web application

Deploy Kubernetes cluster

Load testing master

Deploy locust-master

Load testing workers

Execute tests

History

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