Installing Anthos Service Mesh on Google Kubernetes Engine
Istio is an open source framework for connecting, securing, and managing microservices. It can be used with any services, including but not limited to services that are hosted in a Kubernetes cluster. Istio lets you create a network of deployed services with load balancing, service-to-service authentication, monitoring, and more, without requiring any changes in service code.
As one example - in reliable distributed systems, it’s common for a system to want to retry a request after a failure, possibly with an exponential backoff delay. There are libraries for Java, Golang and NodeJS that do this. However, employing them within the app means each different app will need to solve that problem independently. The Istio sidecar could do this for the app, automatically.
Anthos Service Mesh
Anthos Service Mesh (ASM) is powered by Istio. With Anthos Service Mesh, you get an Anthos tested, fully supported, distribution of Istio, letting you create and deploy a service mesh with Anthos GKE, whether your cluster is operating in Google Cloud or on-premises.
You can use included configuration profiles with recommended settings customized for either Google Kubernetes Engine or Anthos GKE on-prem.
Finally, Anthos Service Mesh has a suite of additional features and tools that help you observe and manage secure, reliable services in a unified way:
- Service metrics and logs for HTTP(S) traffic within your mesh’s GKE cluster are automatically ingested to Google Cloud.
- Preconfigured service dashboards give you the information you need to understand your services.
- In-depth telemetry lets you dig deep into your metrics and logs, filtering and slicing your data on a wide variety of attributes.
- Service-to-service relationships at a glance help you understand who connects to which service and the services that each service depends on.
- Service Level Objectives (SLOs) provide insights into the health of your services. You can easily define an SLO and alert on your own standards of service health.
Anthos Service Mesh is the easiest and richest way to implement an Istio-based service mesh on your Anthos clusters.
- Provision a cluster on Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE)
- Install and configure Anthos Service Mesh
- Deploy Bookinfo, an Istio-enabled multi-service application
- Enable external access using an Istio Ingress Gateway
- Use the Bookinfo application
- Monitor service performance with the Anthos Service Mesh Dashboard
Set up your project
Verify the SDK configuration
Welcome to Cloud Shell! Type "help" to get started.
Your Cloud Platform project in this session is set to qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e.
Use “gcloud config set project [PROJECT_ID]” to change to a different project.
student_01_ea69a93ec367@cloudshell:~ (qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e)$ gcloud config list
[accessibility]
screen_reader = True
[component_manager]
disable_update_check = True
[compute]
gce_metadata_read_timeout_sec = 30
[core]
account = student-01-ea69a93ec367@qwiklabs.net
disable_usage_reporting = True
project = qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e
[metrics]
environment = devshell
Your active configuration is: [cloudshell-23408]
student_01_ea69a93ec367@cloudshell:~ (qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e)$ gcloud config set project qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e
Updated property [core/project].
student_01_ea69a93ec367@cloudshell:~ (qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e)$ export PROJECT_ID=$(gcloud config get-value project)
export PROJECT_NUMBER=$(gcloud projects describe ${PROJECT_ID} \
--format="value(projectNumber)")
export CLUSTER_NAME=central
export CLUSTER_ZONE=us-east1-b
export WORKLOAD_POOL=${PROJECT_ID}.svc.id.goog
export MESH_ID="proj-${PROJECT_NUMBER}"
Your active configuration is: [cloudshell-23408]
student_01_ea69a93ec367@cloudshell:~ (qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e)$ gcloud projects get-iam-policy $PROJECT_ID \
--flatten="bindings[].members" \
--filter="bindings.members:user:$(gcloud config get-value core/account 2>/dev/null)"
---
bindings:
members: user:student-01-ea69a93ec367@qwiklabs.net
role: roles/owner
etag: BwYapyLQXjA=
version: 1
---
bindings:
members: user:student-01-ea69a93ec367@qwiklabs.net
role: roles/viewer
etag: BwYapyLQXjA=
version: 1
student_01_ea69a93ec367@cloudshell:~ (qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e)$
- WORKLOAD_POOL will be used to enable Workload Identity, which is the recommended way to safely access Google Cloud services from GKE applications.
- MESH_ID will be used to set the mesh_id label on the cluster, which is required for metrics to get displayed on the Anthos Service Mesh Dashboard in the Cloud Console.
Set up your GKE cluster
Create the cluster
student_01_ea69a93ec367@cloudshell:~ (qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e)$ gcloud config set compute/zone ${CLUSTER_ZONE}
gcloud container clusters create ${CLUSTER_NAME} \
--machine-type=e2-standard-4 \
--num-nodes=4 \
--subnetwork=default \
--release-channel=regular \
--labels mesh_id=${MESH_ID} \
--workload-pool=${WORKLOAD_POOL} \
--logging=SYSTEM,WORKLOAD
WARNING: Property validation for compute/zone was skipped.
Updated property [compute/zone].
Default change: VPC-native is the default mode during cluster creation for versions greater than 1.21.0-gke.1500. To create advanced routes based clusters, please pass the `--no-enable-ip-alias` flag
Note: Your Pod address range (`--cluster-ipv4-cidr`) can accommodate at most 1008 node(s).
Creating cluster central in us-east1-b... Cluster is being health-checked (master is healthy)...done.
Created [https://container.googleapis.com/v1/projects/qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e/zones/us-east1-b/clusters/central].
To inspect the contents of your cluster, go to: https://console.cloud.google.com/kubernetes/workload_/gcloud/us-east1-b/central?project=qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e
kubeconfig entry generated for central.
NAME: central
LOCATION: us-east1-b
MASTER_VERSION: 1.29.4-gke.1043002
MASTER_IP: 35.243.196.76
MACHINE_TYPE: e2-standard-4
NODE_VERSION: 1.29.4-gke.1043002
NUM_NODES: 4
STATUS: RUNNING
student_01_ea69a93ec367@cloudshell:~ (qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e)$
student_01_ea69a93ec367@cloudshell:~ (qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e)$ kubectl create clusterrolebinding cluster-admin-binding --clusterrole=cluster-admin --user=$(whoami)@qwiklabs.net
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/cluster-admin-binding created
student_01_ea69a93ec367@cloudshell:~ (qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e)$
student_01_ea69a93ec367@cloudshell:~ (qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e)$ gcloud container clusters get-credentials ${CLUSTER_NAME} \
--zone $CLUSTER_ZONE \
--project $PROJECT_ID
Fetching cluster endpoint and auth data.
kubeconfig entry generated for central.
student_01_ea69a93ec367@cloudshell:~ (qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e)$
Prepare to install Anthos Service Mesh
Google provides a tool, asmcli, which allows you to install or upgrade Anthos Service Mesh. If you let it, asmcli will configure your project and cluster as follows:
- Grant you the required Identity and Access Management (IAM) permissions on your Google Cloud project.
- Enable the required Google APIs on your Cloud project.
- Set a label on the cluster that identifies the mesh.
- Create a service account that lets data plane components, such as the sidecar proxy, securely access your project’s data and resources.
- Register the cluster to the fleet if it isn’t already registered.
You will use asmcli to install Anthos Service Mesh on your cluster.
Download the version that installs Anthos Service Mesh 1.20.3 to the current working directory:
student_01_ea69a93ec367@cloudshell:~ (qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e)$
student_01_ea69a93ec367@cloudshell:~ (qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e)$ curl https://storage.googleapis.com/csm-artifacts/asm/asmcli_1.20 > asmcli
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 185k 100 185k 0 0 223k 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 223k
student_01_ea69a93ec367@cloudshell:~ (qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e)$ chmod +x asmcli
student_01_ea69a93ec367@cloudshell:~ (qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e)$ gcloud services enable mesh.googleapis.com
Operation "operations/acat.p2-68212809128-e844c359-6cf9-4015-aa49-460df25d2f57" finished successfully.
student_01_ea69a93ec367@cloudshell:~ (qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e)$
Validate Anthos Service Mesh
You can run asmcli validate to make sure that your project and cluster are set up as required to install Anthos Service Mesh. With this option, asmcli doesn’t make any changes to your project or cluster, and it doesn’t install Anthos Service Mesh.
asmcli validates that:
- Your environment has the required tools.
- The cluster meets the minimum requirements.
- You have the required permissions on the specified project.
- The project has all the required Google APIs enabled.
Run the following command to validate your configuration and download the installation file and asm package to the OUTPUT_DIR directory
student_01_ea69a93ec367@cloudshell:~ (qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e)$ ./asmcli validate \
--project_id $PROJECT_ID \
--cluster_name $CLUSTER_NAME \
--cluster_location $CLUSTER_ZONE \
--fleet_id $PROJECT_ID \
--output_dir ./asm_output
asmcli: Using PROJECT_ID = qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e from environment variable.
asmcli: Using CLUSTER_NAME = central from environment variable.
asmcli: Use `unset $VAR` if configuring using environment is unexpected.
asmcli: Setting up necessary files...
asmcli: Using /home/student_01_ea69a93ec367/asm_output/asm_kubeconfig as the kubeconfig...
asmcli: Checking installation tool dependencies...
asmcli: Fetching/writing GCP credentials to kubeconfig file...
asmcli: [WARNING]: nc not found, skipping k8s connection verification
asmcli: [WARNING]: (Installation will continue normally.)
asmcli: Getting account information...
asmcli: Downloading kpt..
asmcli: Downloading ASM..
asmcli: Downloading ASM kpt package...
fetching package "/asm" from "https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/anthos-service-mesh-packages" to "asm"
fetching package "/samples" from "https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/anthos-service-mesh-packages" to "samples"
asmcli: Verifying cluster registration.
asmcli: Checking required APIs...
asmcli: Checking for project qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e...
asmcli: Reading labels for us-east1-b/central...
asmcli: [ERROR]: Current user must have the cluster-admin role on central.
Please add the cluster role binding and retry, or run the script with the
'--enable_cluster_roles' flag to allow the script to enable it on your behalf.
Alternatively, use --enable_all|-e to allow this tool to handle all dependencies.
asmcli: Checking for istio-system namespace...
asmcli: [ERROR]: The istio-system namespace doesn't exist.
Please create the "istio-system" and retry, or run the script with the
'--enable_namespace_creation' flag to allow the script to enable it on your behalf.
Alternatively, use --enable_all|-e to allow this tool to handle all dependencies.
asmcli: Confirming node pool requirements for qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e/us-east1-b/central...
asmcli: Checking Istio installations...
asmcli: [WARNING]: There is no way to validate that the meshconfig API has been initialized.
asmcli: [WARNING]: This needs to happen once per GCP project. If the API has not been initialized
asmcli: [WARNING]: for qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e, please re-run this tool with the --enable_gcp_components
asmcli: [WARNING]: flag. Otherwise, installation will succeed but Anthos Service Mesh
asmcli: [WARNING]: will not function correctly.
asmcli: [WARNING]: Please see the errors above.
student_01_ea69a93ec367@cloudshell:~ (qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e)$
Install Anthos Service Mesh
The following command will install Anthos Service Mesh. The –enable_all flag allows the script to enable the required Google APIs, set Identity and Access Management permissions, and make the required updates to your cluster, which includes enabling GKE Workload Identity.
Run the following command to install Anthos Service Mesh:
student_01_ea69a93ec367@cloudshell:~ (qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e)$ ./asmcli install \
--project_id $PROJECT_ID \
--cluster_name $CLUSTER_NAME \
--cluster_location $CLUSTER_ZONE \
--fleet_id $PROJECT_ID \
--output_dir ./asm_output \
--enable_all \
--option legacy-default-ingressgateway \
--ca mesh_ca \
--enable_gcp_components
asmcli: Using PROJECT_ID = qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e from environment variable.
asmcli: Using CLUSTER_NAME = central from environment variable.
asmcli: Use `unset $VAR` if configuring using environment is unexpected.
asmcli: Setting up necessary files...
asmcli: Using /home/student_01_ea69a93ec367/asm_output/asm_kubeconfig as the kubeconfig...
asmcli: Checking installation tool dependencies...
asmcli: Fetching/writing GCP credentials to kubeconfig file...
asmcli: [WARNING]: nc not found, skipping k8s connection verification
asmcli: [WARNING]: (Installation will continue normally.)
asmcli: Getting account information...
asmcli: Verifying cluster registration.
asmcli: Enabling required APIs...
asmcli: Verifying cluster registration.
asmcli: Binding user:student-01-ea69a93ec367@qwiklabs.net to required IAM roles...
asmcli: Registering the cluster as central...
asmcli: Verifying cluster registration.
asmcli: Verified cluster is registered to qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e
asmcli: Checking for project qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e...
asmcli: Reading labels for us-east1-b/central...
asmcli: Querying for core/account...
asmcli: Binding student-01-ea69a93ec367@qwiklabs.net to cluster admin role...
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/student-01-ea69a93ec367-cluster-admin-binding created
asmcli: Creating istio-system namespace...
namespace/istio-system created
asmcli: Confirming node pool requirements for qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e/us-east1-b/central...
asmcli: Checking Istio installations...
asmcli: Initializing meshconfig API...
asmcli: Cluster has Membership ID central in the Hub of project qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e
asmcli: Binding user:student-01-ea69a93ec367@qwiklabs.net to required IAM roles...
asmcli: Configuring kpt package...
asm/
set 16 field(s) of setter "gcloud.core.project" to value "qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e"
asm/
set 2 field(s) of setter "gcloud.project.projectNumber" to value "68212809128"
asm/
set 15 field(s) of setter "gcloud.container.cluster" to value "central"
asm/
set 15 field(s) of setter "gcloud.compute.location" to value "us-east1-b"
asm/
set 1 field(s) of setter "gcloud.compute.network" to value "qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e-default"
asm/
set 2 field(s) of setter "gcloud.project.environProjectNumber" to value "68212809128"
asm/
set 2 field(s) of setter "anthos.servicemesh.rev" to value "asm-1207-2"
asm/
set 2 field(s) of setter "anthos.servicemesh.tag" to value "1.20.7-asm.2"
asm/
set 3 field(s) of setter "anthos.servicemesh.trustDomain" to value "qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e.svc.id.goog"
asm/
set 1 field(s) of setter "anthos.servicemesh.tokenAudiences" to value "istio-ca,qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e.svc.id.goog"
asm/
set 3 field(s) of setter "anthos.servicemesh.created-by" to value "asmcli-1.20.7-asm.2.config1"
asm/
set 2 field(s) of setter "anthos.servicemesh.idp-url" to value "https://container.googleapis.com/v1/projects/qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e/locations/us-east1-b/clusters/central"
asm/
set 2 field(s) of setter "anthos.servicemesh.trustDomainAliases" to value "qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e.svc.id.goog"
namespace/istio-system labeled
asmcli: Installing ASM control plane...
asmcli: ...done!
asmcli: Installing ASM CanonicalService controller in asm-system namespace...
namespace/asm-system created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/canonicalservices.anthos.cloud.google.com created
role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/canonical-service-leader-election-role created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/canonical-service-manager-role created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/canonical-service-metrics-reader created
serviceaccount/canonical-service-account created
rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/canonical-service-leader-election-rolebinding created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/canonical-service-manager-rolebinding created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/canonical-service-proxy-rolebinding created
service/canonical-service-controller-manager-metrics-service created
deployment.apps/canonical-service-controller-manager created
asmcli: Waiting for deployment...
deployment.apps/canonical-service-controller-manager condition met
asmcli: ...done!
asmcli:
asmcli: *****************************
client version: 1.20.7-asm.2
control plane version: 1.20.7-asm.2
data plane version: 1.20.7-asm.2 (2 proxies)
asmcli: *****************************
asmcli: The ASM control plane installation is now complete.
asmcli: To enable automatic sidecar injection on a namespace, you can use the following command:
asmcli: kubectl label namespace <NAMESPACE> istio-injection- istio.io/rev=asm-1207-2 --overwrite
asmcli: If you use 'istioctl install' afterwards to modify this installation, you will need
asmcli: to specify the option '--set revision=asm-1207-2' to target this control plane
asmcli: instead of installing a new one.
asmcli: To finish the installation, enable Istio sidecar injection and restart your workloads.
asmcli: For more information, see:
asmcli: https://cloud.google.com/service-mesh/docs/proxy-injection
asmcli: The ASM package used for installation can be found at:
asmcli: /home/student_01_ea69a93ec367/asm_output/asm
asmcli: The version of istioctl that matches the installation can be found at:
asmcli: /home/student_01_ea69a93ec367/asm_output/istio-1.20.7-asm.2/bin/istioctl
asmcli: A symlink to the istioctl binary can be found at:
asmcli: /home/student_01_ea69a93ec367/asm_output/istioctl
asmcli: The combined configuration generated for installation can be found at:
asmcli: /home/student_01_ea69a93ec367/asm_output/asm-1207-2-manifest-raw.yaml
asmcli: The full, expanded set of kubernetes resources can be found at:
asmcli: /home/student_01_ea69a93ec367/asm_output/asm-1207-2-manifest-expanded.yaml
asmcli: *****************************
asmcli: Successfully installed ASM.
student_01_ea69a93ec367@cloudshell:~ (qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e)$
Install an ingress gateway
Anthos Service Mesh gives you the option to deploy and manage gateways as part of your service mesh. A gateway describes a load balancer operating at the edge of the mesh receiving incoming or outgoing HTTP/TCP connections. Gateways are Envoy proxies that provide you with fine-grained control over traffic entering and leaving the mesh.
- Create a namespace for the ingress gateway if you don’t already have one. Gateways are user workloads, and as a best practice, they shouldn’t be deployed in the control plane namespace.
student_01_ea69a93ec367@cloudshell:~ (qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e)$ GATEWAY_NS=istio-gateway
kubectl create namespace $GATEWAY_NS
namespace/istio-gateway created
student_01_ea69a93ec367@cloudshell:~ (qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e)$
- Enable auto-injection on the gateway by applying a revision label on the gateway namespace. The revision label is used by the sidecar injector webhook to associate injected proxies with a particular control plane revision.
- Use the following command to locate the revision label on
istiod:
student_01_ea69a93ec367@cloudshell:~ (qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e)$ kubectl get deploy -n istio-system -l app=istiod -o \
jsonpath={.items[*].metadata.labels.'istio\.io\/rev'}'{"\n"}'
asm-1207-2
student_01_ea69a93ec367@cloudshell:~ (qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e)$
student_01_ea69a93ec367@cloudshell:~ (qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e)$ REVISION=$(kubectl get deploy -n istio-system -l app=istiod -o \
jsonpath={.items[*].metadata.labels.'istio\.io\/rev'}'{"\n"}')
student_01_ea69a93ec367@cloudshell:~ (qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e)$
student_01_ea69a93ec367@cloudshell:~ (qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e)$ kubectl label namespace $GATEWAY_NS \
istio.io/rev=$REVISION --overwrite
namespace/istio-gateway labeled
student_01_ea69a93ec367@cloudshell:~ (qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e)$
student_01_ea69a93ec367@cloudshell:~ (qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e)$ kubectl label namespace default istio-injection=enabled
kubectl label namespace $GATEWAY_NS istio-injection=enabled
namespace/default labeled
namespace/istio-gateway labeled
student_01_ea69a93ec367@cloudshell:~ (qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e)$
student_01_ea69a93ec367@cloudshell:~ (qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e)$ cd ~/asm_output
student_01_ea69a93ec367@cloudshell:~/asm_output (qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e)$ kubectl apply -n $GATEWAY_NS \
-f samples/gateways/istio-ingressgateway
horizontalpodautoscaler.autoscaling/istio-ingressgateway created
deployment.apps/istio-ingressgateway created
poddisruptionbudget.policy/istio-ingressgateway created
role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/istio-ingressgateway created
rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/istio-ingressgateway created
service/istio-ingressgateway created
serviceaccount/istio-ingressgateway created
student_01_ea69a93ec367@cloudshell:~/asm_output (qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e)$
Enable sidecar injection
Anthos Service Mesh uses sidecar proxies to enhance network security, reliability, and observability. With Anthos Service Mesh, these functions are abstracted away from an application’s primary container and implemented in a common out-of-process proxy delivered as a separate container in the same Pod.
- Before you deploy workloads, make sure to configure sidecar proxy injection so that Anthos Service Mesh can monitor and secure traffic.
- To enable auto-injection, apply the revision label and remove the istio-injection label if it exists.
- In the following command, you specify the namespace, default, where you want to enable auto-injection, and REVISION is the revision label you noted in the previous step:
student_01_ea69a93ec367@cloudshell:~/asm_output (qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e)$ kubectl label namespace default istio-injection-istio.io/rev=$REVISION --overwrite
namespace/default labeled
student_01_ea69a93ec367@cloudshell:~/asm_output (qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e)$
If this cluster had already been running workloads, you would need to restart the pods to re-trigger auto injection.
Deploy Bookinfo, an Istio-enabled multi-service application
In this task, you will set up the Bookinfo sample microservices application and explore the app.
Bookinfo overview
Now that ASM is configured and verified, you can deploy one of the sample applications provided with the installation — BookInfo. This is a simple mock bookstore application made up of four microservices - all managed using Istio. Each microservice is written in a different language, to demonstrate how you can use Istio in a multi-language environment, without any changes to code.
The microservices are:
- productpage: calls the details and reviews microservices to populate the page.
- details: contains book information.
- reviews: contains book reviews. It also calls the ratings microservice.
- ratings: contains book ranking information that accompanies a book review.
There are 3 versions of the reviews microservice:
- Reviews v1 doesn’t call the ratings service.
- Reviews v2 calls the ratings service and displays each rating as 1 - 5 black stars.
- Reviews v3 calls the ratings service and displays each rating as 1 - 5 red stars.
You can find the source code and all the other files used in this example in the Istio samples/bookinfo directory.
Deploy Bookinfo
student_01_ea69a93ec367@cloudshell:~/asm_output (qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e)$ istio_dir=$(ls -d istio-* | tail -n 1)
cd $istio_dir
cat samples/bookinfo/platform/kube/bookinfo.yaml
# Copyright Istio Authors
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
##################################################################################################
# This file defines the services, service accounts, and deployments for the Bookinfo sample.
#
# To apply all 4 Bookinfo services, their corresponding service accounts, and deployments:
#
# kubectl apply -f samples/bookinfo/platform/kube/bookinfo.yaml
#
# Alternatively, you can deploy any resource separately:
#
# kubectl apply -f samples/bookinfo/platform/kube/bookinfo.yaml -l service=reviews # reviews Service
# kubectl apply -f samples/bookinfo/platform/kube/bookinfo.yaml -l account=reviews # reviews ServiceAccount
# kubectl apply -f samples/bookinfo/platform/kube/bookinfo.yaml -l app=reviews,version=v3 # reviews-v3 Deployment
##################################################################################################
##################################################################################################
# Details service
##################################################################################################
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: details
labels:
app: details
service: details
spec:
ports:
- port: 9080
name: http
selector:
app: details
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: bookinfo-details
labels:
account: details
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: details-v1
labels:
app: details
version: v1
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: details
version: v1
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: details
version: v1
spec:
serviceAccountName: bookinfo-details
containers:
- name: details
image: docker.io/istio/examples-bookinfo-details-v1:1.18.0
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
ports:
- containerPort: 9080
---
##################################################################################################
# Ratings service
##################################################################################################
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: ratings
labels:
app: ratings
service: ratings
spec:
ports:
- port: 9080
name: http
selector:
app: ratings
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: bookinfo-ratings
labels:
account: ratings
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: ratings-v1
labels:
app: ratings
version: v1
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: ratings
version: v1
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: ratings
version: v1
spec:
serviceAccountName: bookinfo-ratings
containers:
- name: ratings
image: docker.io/istio/examples-bookinfo-ratings-v1:1.18.0
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
ports:
- containerPort: 9080
---
##################################################################################################
# Reviews service
##################################################################################################
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: reviews
labels:
app: reviews
service: reviews
spec:
ports:
- port: 9080
name: http
selector:
app: reviews
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: bookinfo-reviews
labels:
account: reviews
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: reviews-v1
labels:
app: reviews
version: v1
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: reviews
version: v1
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: reviews
version: v1
spec:
serviceAccountName: bookinfo-reviews
containers:
- name: reviews
image: docker.io/istio/examples-bookinfo-reviews-v1:1.18.0
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
env:
- name: LOG_DIR
value: "/tmp/logs"
ports:
- containerPort: 9080
volumeMounts:
- name: tmp
mountPath: /tmp
- name: wlp-output
mountPath: /opt/ibm/wlp/output
volumes:
- name: wlp-output
emptyDir: {}
- name: tmp
emptyDir: {}
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: reviews-v2
labels:
app: reviews
version: v2
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: reviews
version: v2
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: reviews
version: v2
spec:
serviceAccountName: bookinfo-reviews
containers:
- name: reviews
image: docker.io/istio/examples-bookinfo-reviews-v2:1.18.0
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
env:
- name: LOG_DIR
value: "/tmp/logs"
ports:
- containerPort: 9080
volumeMounts:
- name: tmp
mountPath: /tmp
- name: wlp-output
mountPath: /opt/ibm/wlp/output
volumes:
- name: wlp-output
emptyDir: {}
- name: tmp
emptyDir: {}
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: reviews-v3
labels:
app: reviews
version: v3
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: reviews
version: v3
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: reviews
version: v3
spec:
serviceAccountName: bookinfo-reviews
containers:
- name: reviews
image: docker.io/istio/examples-bookinfo-reviews-v3:1.18.0
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
env:
- name: LOG_DIR
value: "/tmp/logs"
ports:
- containerPort: 9080
volumeMounts:
- name: tmp
mountPath: /tmp
- name: wlp-output
mountPath: /opt/ibm/wlp/output
volumes:
- name: wlp-output
emptyDir: {}
- name: tmp
emptyDir: {}
---
##################################################################################################
# Productpage services
##################################################################################################
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: productpage
labels:
app: productpage
service: productpage
spec:
ports:
- port: 9080
name: http
selector:
app: productpage
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: bookinfo-productpage
labels:
account: productpage
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: productpage-v1
labels:
app: productpage
version: v1
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: productpage
version: v1
template:
metadata:
annotations:
prometheus.io/scrape: "true"
prometheus.io/port: "9080"
prometheus.io/path: "/metrics"
labels:
app: productpage
version: v1
spec:
serviceAccountName: bookinfo-productpage
containers:
- name: productpage
image: docker.io/istio/examples-bookinfo-productpage-v1:1.18.0
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
ports:
- containerPort: 9080
volumeMounts:
- name: tmp
mountPath: /tmp
volumes:
- name: tmp
emptyDir: {}
---
student_01_ea69a93ec367@cloudshell:~/asm_output/istio-1.20.7-asm.2 (qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e)$
In Cloud Shell, use the following command to inject the proxy sidecar along with each application Pod that is deployed:
student_01_ea69a93ec367@cloudshell:~/asm_output/istio-1.20.7-asm.2 (qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e)$ kubectl apply -f samples/bookinfo/platform/kube/bookinfo.yaml
service/details created
serviceaccount/bookinfo-details created
deployment.apps/details-v1 created
service/ratings created
serviceaccount/bookinfo-ratings created
deployment.apps/ratings-v1 created
service/reviews created
serviceaccount/bookinfo-reviews created
deployment.apps/reviews-v1 created
deployment.apps/reviews-v2 created
deployment.apps/reviews-v3 created
service/productpage created
serviceaccount/bookinfo-productpage created
deployment.apps/productpage-v1 created
student_01_ea69a93ec367@cloudshell:~/asm_output/istio-1.20.7-asm.2 (qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e)$
Istio uses an extended version of the open-source Envoy proxy, a high-performance proxy developed in C++, to mediate all inbound and outbound traffic for all services in the service mesh.
Istio leverages Envoy’s many built-in features including dynamic service discovery, load balancing, TLS termination, HTTP/2 & gRPC proxying, circuit breakers, health checks, staged rollouts with %-based traffic split, fault injection, and rich metrics.
Enable external access using an Istio Ingress Gateway
Now that the Bookinfo services are up and running, you need to make the application accessible from outside of your Kubernetes cluster, e.g. from a browser. An Istio Gateway is used for this purpose.
student_01_ea69a93ec367@cloudshell:~/asm_output/istio-1.20.7-asm.2 (qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e)$ cat samples/bookinfo/networking/bookinfo-gateway.yaml
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: Gateway
metadata:
name: bookinfo-gateway
spec:
# The selector matches the ingress gateway pod labels.
# If you installed Istio using Helm following the standard documentation, this would be "istio=ingress"
selector:
istio: ingressgateway # use istio default controller
servers:
- port:
number: 8080
name: http
protocol: HTTP
hosts:
- "*"
---
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
name: bookinfo
spec:
hosts:
- "*"
gateways:
- bookinfo-gateway
http:
- match:
- uri:
exact: /productpage
- uri:
prefix: /static
- uri:
exact: /login
- uri:
exact: /logout
- uri:
prefix: /api/v1/products
route:
- destination:
host: productpage
port:
number: 9080
student_01_ea69a93ec367@cloudshell:~/asm_output/istio-1.20.7-asm.2 (qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e)$
Look for the Gateway and VirtualService mesh resources which get deployed. The Gateway exposes services to users outside the service mesh, and allows Istio features such as monitoring and route rules to be applied to traffic entering the cluster.
Configure the ingress gateway for the application, which exposes an external IP you will use later
student_01_ea69a93ec367@cloudshell:~/asm_output/istio-1.20.7-asm.2 (qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e)$ kubectl apply -f samples/bookinfo/networking/bookinfo-gateway.yaml
gateway.networking.istio.io/bookinfo-gateway created
virtualservice.networking.istio.io/bookinfo created
student_01_ea69a93ec367@cloudshell:~/asm_output/istio-1.20.7-asm.2 (qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e)$
Verify the Bookinfo deployments
- Confirm that the application has been deployed correctly, review services, pods, and the ingress gateway:
student_01_ea69a93ec367@cloudshell:~/asm_output/istio-1.20.7-asm.2 (qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e)$ kubectl get services
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
details ClusterIP 34.118.227.218 <none> 9080/TCP 3m21s
kubernetes ClusterIP 34.118.224.1 <none> 443/TCP 33m
productpage ClusterIP 34.118.228.99 <none> 9080/TCP 3m15s
ratings ClusterIP 34.118.233.205 <none> 9080/TCP 3m19s
reviews ClusterIP 34.118.225.54 <none> 9080/TCP 3m18s
student_01_ea69a93ec367@cloudshell:~/asm_output/istio-1.20.7-asm.2 (qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e)$
student_01_ea69a93ec367@cloudshell:~/asm_output/istio-1.20.7-asm.2 (qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e)$ kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
details-v1-698d88b-7z6zv 2/2 Running 0 3m48s
productpage-v1-675fc69cf-87mnr 2/2 Running 0 3m43s
ratings-v1-6484c4d9bb-xdgqt 2/2 Running 0 3m47s
reviews-v1-5b5d6494f4-twdk6 2/2 Running 0 3m46s
reviews-v2-5b667bcbf8-vq76p 2/2 Running 0 3m45s
reviews-v3-5b9bd44f4-wpzhs 2/2 Running 0 3m45s
student_01_ea69a93ec367@cloudshell:~/asm_output/istio-1.20.7-asm.2 (qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e)$
Confirm that the Bookinfo application is running by sending a curl request to it from some Pod, within the cluster, for example from ratings:
student_01_ea69a93ec367@cloudshell:~/asm_output/istio-1.20.7-asm.2 (qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e)$ kubectl exec -it $(kubectl get pod -l app=ratings \
-o jsonpath='{.items[0].metadata.name}') \
-c ratings -- curl productpage:9080/productpage | grep -o "<title>.*</title>"
<title>Simple Bookstore App</title>
student_01_ea69a93ec367@cloudshell:~/asm_output/istio-1.20.7-asm.2 (qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e)$
student_01_ea69a93ec367@cloudshell:~/asm_output/istio-1.20.7-asm.2 (qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e)$ kubectl get gateway
NAME AGE
bookinfo-gateway 2m35s
student_01_ea69a93ec367@cloudshell:~/asm_output/istio-1.20.7-asm.2 (qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e)$
student_01_ea69a93ec367@cloudshell:~/asm_output/istio-1.20.7-asm.2 (qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e)$ kubectl get svc istio-ingressgateway -n istio-system
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
istio-ingressgateway LoadBalancer 34.118.239.120 34.139.41.96 15021:31214/TCP,80:30126/TCP,443:30691/TCP,15012:31358/TCP,15443:31908/TCP 15m
student_01_ea69a93ec367@cloudshell:~/asm_output/istio-1.20.7-asm.2 (qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e)$
student_01_ea69a93ec367@cloudshell:~/asm_output/istio-1.20.7-asm.2 (qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e)$ export GATEWAY_URL=34.139.41.96
student_01_ea69a93ec367@cloudshell:~/asm_output/istio-1.20.7-asm.2 (qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e)$
Check that the Bookinfo app is running by sending a curl request to it from outside the cluster:
student_01_ea69a93ec367@cloudshell:~/asm_output/istio-1.20.7-asm.2 (qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e)$ curl -I http://${GATEWAY_URL}/productpage
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
server: istio-envoy
date: Wed, 12 Jun 2024 02:03:47 GMT
content-type: text/html; charset=utf-8
content-length: 5294
x-envoy-upstream-service-time: 57
student_01_ea69a93ec367@cloudshell:~/asm_output/istio-1.20.7-asm.2 (qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e)$
Use the Bookinfo application
Try the application in your Web browser
Point your browser to http://[$GATEWAY_URL]/productpage to see the BookInfo web page. Don’t forget to replace [$GATEWAY_URL] with your working external IP address.
-
Refresh the page several times.
Notice how you see three different versions of reviews, since we have not yet used Istio to control the version routing.
There are three different book review services being called in a round-robin style:
- no stars
- black stars
- red stars
Switching among the three is normal Kubernetes routing/balancing behavior.
Generate a steady background load
Run the siege utility to simulate traffic to Bookinfo.
-
In Cloud Shell, install siege:
Siege is a utility for generating load against Web sites.
student_01_ea69a93ec367@cloudshell:~/asm_output/istio-1.20.7-asm.2 (qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e)$ sudo apt install siege
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
The following NEW packages will be installed:
siege
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 9 not upgraded.
Need to get 102 kB of archives.
After this operation, 269 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 siege amd64 4.0.7-1build3 [102 kB]
Fetched 102 kB in 1s (71.4 kB/s)
debconf: delaying package configuration, since apt-utils is not installed
Selecting previously unselected package siege.
(Reading database ... 122349 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../siege_4.0.7-1build3_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking siege (4.0.7-1build3) ...
Setting up siege (4.0.7-1build3) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.10.2-1) ...
student_01_ea69a93ec367@cloudshell:~/asm_output/istio-1.20.7-asm.2 (qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e)$
student_01_ea69a93ec367@cloudshell:~/asm_output/istio-1.20.7-asm.2 (qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e)$ siege http://${GATEWAY_URL}/productpage
New configuration template added to /home/student_01_ea69a93ec367/.siege
Run siege -C to view the current settings in that file
^C
{ "transactions": 16616,
"availability": 100.00,
"elapsed_time": 521.08,
"data_transferred": 873.79,
"response_time": 0.78,
"transaction_rate": 31.89,
"throughput": 1.68,
"concurrency": 24.97,
"successful_transactions": 16616,
"failed_transactions": 0,
"longest_transaction": 2.34,
"shortest_transaction": 0.45
}
student_01_ea69a93ec367@cloudshell:~/asm_output/istio-1.20.7-asm.2 (qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e)$
Evaluate service performance using the Anthos Service Mesh dashboard
Gather data from the Services table view.
- In the Console, go to Navigation menu > Anthos > Service Mesh.
If prompted, click Enable to enable the Anthos API.
-
On the bottom half of the window, you will see a Service section.
-
Click on the productpage service to drill down and see more details.
-
Note the summary at the top detailing current requests/second, error rates, latencies, and resource usage.
If you don’t see Requests > 0, try exiting and re-entering the productpage service after a few minutes.
On the left side of the window, click on the Metrics option. Explore the different graphs and their breakdown options.
- What is the current request rate, and how has it changed over time?
- What is the current error rate, and how has it changed over time?
- What latencies do you see charted?
- What is the median request size?
- What is median response size?
- What is the aggregate cpu usage?
Click on the Connected Services option from the left side.
This lists other services that make inbound requests of the productpage, and services the productpage makes outbound requests to.
- What services make calls to the productpage service?
- What services does the productpage service call?
- Is mTLS enforced on inter-service calls?
Return to the Anthos Service Mesh dashboard by clicking on the Anthos Service Mesh logo in the upper left corner.
At this time, you can explore or drill down on other services.
Use the Topology view to better visualize your mesh
-
On the Anthos Service Mesh dashboard, view the topology on the right side of the window.
Here you may need to wait a few minutes for the topology graph to appear.
-
Rearrange the nodes in the graph until you can easily visualize the relationships between services and workloads.
Remember, external requests start at productpage. You can scroll back and study the Bookinfo architecture diagram at the Bookinfo Overview.
History
student_01_ea69a93ec367@cloudshell:~/asm_output/istio-1.20.7-asm.2 (qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e)$ history
1 gcloud config list
2 gcloud config set project qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e
3 export PROJECT_ID=$(gcloud config get-value project)
4 export PROJECT_NUMBER=$(gcloud projects describe ${PROJECT_ID} \
--format="value(projectNumber)")
5 export CLUSTER_NAME=central
6 export CLUSTER_ZONE=us-east1-b
7 export WORKLOAD_POOL=${PROJECT_ID}.svc.id.goog
8 export MESH_ID="proj-${PROJECT_NUMBER}"
9 gcloud projects get-iam-policy $PROJECT_ID --flatten="bindings[].members" --filter="bindings.members:user:$(gcloud config get-value core/account 2>/dev/null)"
10 gcloud config set compute/zone ${CLUSTER_ZONE}
11 gcloud container clusters create ${CLUSTER_NAME} --machine-type=e2-standard-4 --num-nodes=4 --subnetwork=default --release-channel=regular --labels mesh_id=${MESH_ID} --workload-pool=${WORKLOAD_POOL} --logging=SYSTEM,WORKLOAD
12 kubectl create clusterrolebinding cluster-admin-binding --clusterrole=cluster-admin --user=$(whoami)@qwiklabs.net
13 gcloud container clusters get-credentials ${CLUSTER_NAME} --zone $CLUSTER_ZONE --project $PROJECT_ID
14 curl https://storage.googleapis.com/csm-artifacts/asm/asmcli_1.20 > asmcli
15 chmod +x asmcli
16 gcloud services enable mesh.googleapis.com
17 ./asmcli validate --project_id $PROJECT_ID --cluster_name $CLUSTER_NAME --cluster_location $CLUSTER_ZONE --fleet_id $PROJECT_ID --output_dir ./asm_output
18 ./asmcli install --project_id $PROJECT_ID --cluster_name $CLUSTER_NAME --cluster_location $CLUSTER_ZONE --fleet_id $PROJECT_ID --output_dir ./asm_output --enable_all --option legacy-default-ingressgateway --ca mesh_ca --enable_gcp_components
19 GATEWAY_NS=istio-gateway
20 kubectl create namespace $GATEWAY_NS
21 kubectl get deploy -n istio-system -l app=istiod -o jsonpath={.items[*].metadata.labels.'istio\.io\/rev'}'{"\n"}'
22 REVISION=$(kubectl get deploy -n istio-system -l app=istiod -o \
jsonpath={.items[*].metadata.labels.'istio\.io\/rev'}'{"\n"}')
23 kubectl label namespace $GATEWAY_NS istio.io/rev=$REVISION --overwrite
24 kubectl label namespace default istio-injection=enabled
25 kubectl label namespace $GATEWAY_NS istio-injection=enabled
26 cd ~/asm_output
27 kubectl apply -n $GATEWAY_NS -f samples/gateways/istio-ingressgateway
28 kubectl label namespace default istio-injection-istio.io/rev=$REVISION --overwrite
29 istio_dir=$(ls -d istio-* | tail -n 1)
30 cd $istio_dir
31 cat samples/bookinfo/platform/kube/bookinfo.yaml
32 kubectl apply -f samples/bookinfo/platform/kube/bookinfo.yaml
33 cat samples/bookinfo/networking/bookinfo-gateway.yaml
34 kubectl apply -f samples/bookinfo/networking/bookinfo-gateway.yaml
35 kubectl get services
36 kubectl get pods
37 kubectl exec -it $(kubectl get pod -l app=ratings \
-o jsonpath='{.items[0].metadata.name}') -c ratings -- curl productpage:9080/productpage | grep -o "<title>.*</title>"
38 kubectl get gateway
39 kubectl get svc istio-ingressgateway -n istio-system
40 export GATEWAY_URL=34.139.41.96
41 curl -I http://${GATEWAY_URL}/productpage
42 sudo apt install siege
43 siege http://${GATEWAY_URL}/productpage
44 history
student_01_ea69a93ec367@cloudshell:~/asm_output/istio-1.20.7-asm.2 (qwiklabs-gcp-01-a042913bcd3e)$