Deploying a Python Flask Web Application to App Engine Flexible

About App Engine

Google App Engine applications are easy to create, easy to maintain, and easy to scale as your traffic and data storage needs change. With App Engine, there are no servers to maintain. You simply upload your application and it’s ready to go.

App Engine applications automatically scale based on incoming traffic. Load balancing, microservices, authorization, SQL and NoSQL databases, traffic splitting, logging, search, versioning, roll out and roll backs, and security scanning are all supported natively and are highly customizable.

App Engine’s Flexible Environment supports a host of programming languages, including Java, Python, PHP, NodeJS, Ruby, and Go. App Engine’s Standard Environment is an additional option for certain languages including Python. The two environments give users maximum flexibility in how their application behaves since each environment has certain strengths. Read Choosing an App Engine Environment for more information.

How to deploy a simple web application to the App Engine Flexible Environment
How to access the Google Cloud client libraries for Vision, Storage, and Datastore
How to use Cloud Shell

Get the sample code

In Cloud Shell, run the following command to clone the Github repository:

Welcome to Cloud Shell! Type "help" to get started.
Your Cloud Platform project in this session is set to qwiklabs-gcp-02-b31031997333.
Use “gcloud config set project [PROJECT_ID]” to change to a different project.
student_04_bf71fa739d08@cloudshell:~ (qwiklabs-gcp-02-b31031997333)$ gcloud storage cp -r gs://spls/gsp023/flex_and_vision/ .
Copying gs://spls/gsp023/flex_and_vision/README.md to file://./flex_and_vision/README.md
Copying gs://spls/gsp023/flex_and_vision/app.yaml to file://./flex_and_vision/app.yaml
Copying gs://spls/gsp023/flex_and_vision/main.py to file://./flex_and_vision/main.py                                                          
Copying gs://spls/gsp023/flex_and_vision/main_test.py to file://./flex_and_vision/main_test.py
Copying gs://spls/gsp023/flex_and_vision/requirements-test.txt to file://./flex_and_vision/requirements-test.txt
Copying gs://spls/gsp023/flex_and_vision/requirements.txt to file://./flex_and_vision/requirements.txt
Copying gs://spls/gsp023/flex_and_vision/templates/homepage.html to file://./flex_and_vision/templates/homepage.html
  Completed files 7/7 | 11.6kiB/11.6kiB                                                                                                       

Average throughput: 11.7kiB/s
student_04_bf71fa739d08@cloudshell:~ (qwiklabs-gcp-02-b31031997333)$ cd flex_and_vision
student_04_bf71fa739d08@cloudshell:~/flex_and_vision (qwiklabs-gcp-02-b31031997333)$ 

Authenticate API requests

The Datastore, Storage, and Vision APIs are automatically enabled for you in this lab. In order to make requests to the APIs, you will need service account credentials. You can generate credentials from your project using gcloud in Cloud Shell. Your Project ID can be found on the tab where you started the lab.

student_04_bf71fa739d08@cloudshell:~/flex_and_vision (qwiklabs-gcp-02-b31031997333)$ export PROJECT_ID=$(gcloud config get-value project)
Your active configuration is: [cloudshell-25885]
student_04_bf71fa739d08@cloudshell:~/flex_and_vision (qwiklabs-gcp-02-b31031997333)$ gcloud iam service-accounts create qwiklab \
  --display-name "My Qwiklab Service Account"
Created service account [qwiklab].
student_04_bf71fa739d08@cloudshell:~/flex_and_vision (qwiklabs-gcp-02-b31031997333)$ gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding ${PROJECT_ID} \
--member serviceAccount:qwiklab@${PROJECT_ID}.iam.gserviceaccount.com \
--role roles/owner
Updated IAM policy for project [qwiklabs-gcp-02-b31031997333].
bindings:
- members:
  - serviceAccount:qwiklabs-gcp-02-b31031997333@qwiklabs-gcp-02-b31031997333.iam.gserviceaccount.com
  role: roles/bigquery.admin
- members:
  - serviceAccount:671634776807@cloudbuild.gserviceaccount.com
  role: roles/cloudbuild.builds.builder
- members:
  - serviceAccount:service-671634776807@gcp-sa-cloudbuild.iam.gserviceaccount.com
  role: roles/cloudbuild.serviceAgent
- members:
  - serviceAccount:service-671634776807@compute-system.iam.gserviceaccount.com
  role: roles/compute.serviceAgent
- members:
  - serviceAccount:service-671634776807@container-engine-robot.iam.gserviceaccount.com
  role: roles/container.serviceAgent
- members:
  - serviceAccount:671634776807-compute@developer.gserviceaccount.com
  - serviceAccount:671634776807@cloudservices.gserviceaccount.com
  role: roles/editor
- members:
  - serviceAccount:admiral@qwiklabs-services-prod.iam.gserviceaccount.com
  - serviceAccount:qwiklab@qwiklabs-gcp-02-b31031997333.iam.gserviceaccount.com
  - serviceAccount:qwiklabs-gcp-02-b31031997333@qwiklabs-gcp-02-b31031997333.iam.gserviceaccount.com
  - user:student-04-bf71fa739d08@qwiklabs.net
  role: roles/owner
- members:
  - serviceAccount:qwiklabs-gcp-02-b31031997333@qwiklabs-gcp-02-b31031997333.iam.gserviceaccount.com
  role: roles/storage.admin
- members:
  - user:student-04-bf71fa739d08@qwiklabs.net
  role: roles/viewer
etag: BwYYqJPTcaY=
version: 1
student_04_bf71fa739d08@cloudshell:~/flex_and_vision (qwiklabs-gcp-02-b31031997333)$ gcloud iam service-accounts keys create ~/key.json \
--iam-account qwiklab@${PROJECT_ID}.iam.gserviceaccount.com
created key [b69c5916c15aa1f440cfd60644e8dcb4949c615d] of type [json] as [/home/student_04_bf71fa739d08/key.json] for [qwiklab@qwiklabs-gcp-02-b31031997333.iam.gserviceaccount.com]
student_04_bf71fa739d08@cloudshell:~/flex_and_vision (qwiklabs-gcp-02-b31031997333)$ export GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS="/home/${USER}/key.json"
student_04_bf71fa739d08@cloudshell:~/flex_and_vision (qwiklabs-gcp-02-b31031997333)$ 

Testing the application locally

Starting your virtual environment and installing dependencies

student_04_bf71fa739d08@cloudshell:~/flex_and_vision (qwiklabs-gcp-02-b31031997333)$ virtualenv -p python3 env
created virtual environment CPython3.10.12.final.0-64 in 1006ms
  creator CPython3Posix(dest=/home/student_04_bf71fa739d08/flex_and_vision/env, clear=False, no_vcs_ignore=False, global=False)
  seeder FromAppData(download=False, pip=bundle, setuptools=bundle, wheel=bundle, via=copy, app_data_dir=/home/student_04_bf71fa739d08/.local/share/virtualenv)
    added seed packages: pip==24.0, setuptools==69.5.1, wheel==0.43.0
  activators BashActivator,CShellActivator,FishActivator,NushellActivator,PowerShellActivator,PythonActivator
student_04_bf71fa739d08@cloudshell:~/flex_and_vision (qwiklabs-gcp-02-b31031997333)$ source env/bin/activate
(env) student_04_bf71fa739d08@cloudshell:~/flex_and_vision (qwiklabs-gcp-02-b31031997333)$ pip install -r requirements.txt
Ignoring gunicorn: markers 'python_version < "3.0"' don't match your environment
Ignoring google-cloud-storage: markers 'python_version < "3.7"' don't match your environment
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Downloading requests-2.31.0-py3-none-any.whl (62 kB)
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Installing collected packages: Werkzeug, urllib3, pyyaml, pyasn1, protobuf, MarkupSafe, itsdangerous, idna, gunicorn, grpcio, google-crc32c, click, charset-normalizer, certifi, cachetools, rsa, requests, pyasn1-modules, proto-plus, libcst, Jinja2, googleapis-common-protos, google-resumable-media, grpcio-status, google-auth, Flask, google-api-core, google-cloud-core, google-cloud-vision, google-cloud-storage, google-cloud-datastore
Successfully installed Flask-2.0.3 Jinja2-3.1.4 MarkupSafe-2.1.5 Werkzeug-2.0.3 cachetools-5.3.3 certifi-2024.2.2 charset-normalizer-3.3.2 click-8.1.7 google-api-core-1.34.1 google-auth-2.29.0 google-cloud-core-2.4.1 google-cloud-datastore-2.7.1 google-cloud-storage-2.1.0 google-cloud-vision-2.1.0 google-crc32c-1.5.0 google-resumable-media-2.7.0 googleapis-common-protos-1.63.0 grpcio-1.63.0 grpcio-status-1.48.2 gunicorn-20.1.0 idna-3.7 itsdangerous-2.2.0 libcst-1.3.1 proto-plus-1.23.0 protobuf-3.20.3 pyasn1-0.6.0 pyasn1-modules-0.4.0 pyyaml-6.0.1 requests-2.31.0 rsa-4.9 urllib3-1.26.18
(env) student_04_bf71fa739d08@cloudshell:~/flex_and_vision (qwiklabs-gcp-02-b31031997333)$ 

Creating an App Engine app

First, create an environment variable with your assigned region:

(env) student_04_bf71fa739d08@cloudshell:~/flex_and_vision (qwiklabs-gcp-02-b31031997333)$ 
(env) student_04_bf71fa739d08@cloudshell:~/flex_and_vision (qwiklabs-gcp-02-b31031997333)$ AE_REGION=us-west1
(env) student_04_bf71fa739d08@cloudshell:~/flex_and_vision (qwiklabs-gcp-02-b31031997333)$ gcloud app create --region=$AE_REGION
You are creating an app for project [qwiklabs-gcp-02-b31031997333].
WARNING: Creating an App Engine application for a project is irreversible and the region
cannot be changed. More information about regions is at
<https://cloud.google.com/appengine/docs/locations>.

Creating App Engine application in project [qwiklabs-gcp-02-b31031997333] and region [us-west1]....done.                                      
Success! The app is now created. Please use `gcloud app deploy` to deploy your first app.
(env) student_04_bf71fa739d08@cloudshell:~/flex_and_vision (qwiklabs-gcp-02-b31031997333)$

Creating a storage bucket

First, set the environment variable CLOUD_STORAGE_BUCKET equal to the name of your PROJECT_ID. (It is generally recommended to name your bucket the same as your PROJECT_ID for convenience purposes):

(env) student_04_bf71fa739d08@cloudshell:~/flex_and_vision (qwiklabs-gcp-02-b31031997333)$ export CLOUD_STORAGE_BUCKET=${PROJECT_ID}
(env) student_04_bf71fa739d08@cloudshell:~/flex_and_vision (qwiklabs-gcp-02-b31031997333)$ gsutil mb gs://${PROJECT_ID}
Creating gs://qwiklabs-gcp-02-b31031997333/...
(env) student_04_bf71fa739d08@cloudshell:~/flex_and_vision (qwiklabs-gcp-02-b31031997333)$ 

Running the Application

Execute the following command to start your application:

(env) student_04_bf71fa739d08@cloudshell:~/flex_and_vision (qwiklabs-gcp-02-b31031997333)$ python main.py
 * Serving Flask app 'main' (lazy loading)
 * Environment: production
   WARNING: This is a development server. Do not use it in a production deployment.
   Use a production WSGI server instead.
 * Debug mode: on
 * Running on http://127.0.0.1:8080/ (Press CTRL+C to quit)
 * Restarting with stat
 * Debugger is active!
 * Debugger PIN: 161-988-275
127.0.0.1 - - [17/May/2024 16:14:17] "GET /?authuser=2&redirectedPreviously=true HTTP/1.1" 200 -
127.0.0.1 - - [17/May/2024 16:14:17] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 -
127.0.0.1 - - [17/May/2024 16:14:56] "POST /upload_photo HTTP/1.1" 302 -
127.0.0.1 - - [17/May/2024 16:14:57] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 -
127.0.0.1 - - [17/May/2024 16:14:57] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 -
^C(env) student_04_bf71fa739d08@cloudshell:~/flex_and_vision (qwiklabs-gcp-02-b31031997333)$ 

Google Cloud Platform - Face Detection Sample

This Python Flask application demonstrates App Engine Flexible, Google Cloud Storage, Datastore, and the Cloud Vision API.

Exploring the code

Sample code layout

env) student_04_bf71fa739d08@cloudshell:~/flex_and_vision (qwiklabs-gcp-02-b31031997333)$ cat main.py 
# Copyright 2017 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

from datetime import datetime
import logging
import os

from flask import Flask, redirect, render_template, request

from google.cloud import datastore
from google.cloud import storage
from google.cloud import vision


CLOUD_STORAGE_BUCKET = os.environ.get("CLOUD_STORAGE_BUCKET")


app = Flask(__name__)


@app.route("/")
def homepage():
    # Create a Cloud Datastore client.
    datastore_client = datastore.Client()

    # Use the Cloud Datastore client to fetch information from Datastore about
    # each photo.
    query = datastore_client.query(kind="Faces")
    image_entities = list(query.fetch())

    # Return a Jinja2 HTML template and pass in image_entities as a parameter.
    return render_template("homepage.html", image_entities=image_entities)


@app.route("/upload_photo", methods=["GET", "POST"])
def upload_photo():
    photo = request.files["file"]

    # Create a Cloud Storage client.
    storage_client = storage.Client()

    # Get the bucket that the file will be uploaded to.
    bucket = storage_client.get_bucket(CLOUD_STORAGE_BUCKET)

    # Create a new blob and upload the file's content.
    blob = bucket.blob(photo.filename)
    blob.upload_from_string(photo.read(), content_type=photo.content_type)

    # Make the blob publicly viewable.
    blob.make_public()

    # Create a Cloud Vision client.
    vision_client = vision.ImageAnnotatorClient()

    # Use the Cloud Vision client to detect a face for our image.
    source_uri = "gs://{}/{}".format(CLOUD_STORAGE_BUCKET, blob.name)
    image = vision.Image(source=vision.ImageSource(gcs_image_uri=source_uri))
    faces = vision_client.face_detection(image=image).face_annotations

    # If a face is detected, save to Datastore the likelihood that the face
    # displays 'joy,' as determined by Google's Machine Learning algorithm.
    if len(faces) > 0:
        face = faces[0]

        # Convert the likelihood string.
        likelihoods = [
            "Unknown",
            "Very Unlikely",
            "Unlikely",
            "Possible",
            "Likely",
            "Very Likely",
        ]
        face_joy = likelihoods[face.joy_likelihood]
    else:
        face_joy = "Unknown"

    # Create a Cloud Datastore client.
    datastore_client = datastore.Client()

    # Fetch the current date / time.
    current_datetime = datetime.now()

    # The kind for the new entity.
    kind = "Faces"

    # The name/ID for the new entity.
    name = blob.name

    # Create the Cloud Datastore key for the new entity.
    key = datastore_client.key(kind, name)

    # Construct the new entity using the key. Set dictionary values for entity
    # keys blob_name, storage_public_url, timestamp, and joy.
    entity = datastore.Entity(key)
    entity["blob_name"] = blob.name
    entity["image_public_url"] = blob.public_url
    entity["timestamp"] = current_datetime
    entity["joy"] = face_joy

    # Save the new entity to Datastore.
    datastore_client.put(entity)

    # Redirect to the home page.
    return redirect("/")


@app.errorhandler(500)
def server_error(e):
    logging.exception("An error occurred during a request.")
    return (
        """
    An internal error occurred: <pre>{}</pre>
    See logs for full stacktrace.
    """.format(
            e
        ),
        500,
    )


if __name__ == "__main__":
    # This is used when running locally. Gunicorn is used to run the
    # application on Google App Engine. See entrypoint in app.yaml.
    app.run(host="127.0.0.1", port=8080, debug=True)
(env) student_04_bf71fa739d08@cloudshell:~/flex_and_vision (qwiklabs-gcp-02-b31031997333)$ 

(env) student_04_bf71fa739d08@cloudshell:~/flex_and_vision (qwiklabs-gcp-02-b31031997333)$ cat main_test.py 
# Copyright 2017 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

import uuid

import backoff
from google.api_core.exceptions import GatewayTimeout
import pytest
import requests
import six

import main

TEST_PHOTO_URL = (
    'https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/'
    'John_F._Kennedy%2C_White_House_photo_portrait%2C_looking_up.jpg')


@pytest.fixture
def app():
    main.app.testing = True
    client = main.app.test_client()
    return client


def test_index(app):
    r = app.get('/')
    assert r.status_code == 200


def test_upload_photo(app):
    test_photo_data = requests.get(TEST_PHOTO_URL).content
    test_photo_filename = 'flex_and_vision_{}.jpg'.format(uuid.uuid4().hex)

    @backoff.on_exception(backoff.expo, GatewayTimeout, max_time=120)
    def run_sample():
        return app.post(
            '/upload_photo',
            data={
                'file': (six.BytesIO(test_photo_data), test_photo_filename)
            }
        )

    r = run_sample()

    assert r.status_code == 302
(env) student_04_bf71fa739d08@cloudshell:~/flex_and_vision (qwiklabs-gcp-02-b31031997333)$ 

(env) student_04_bf71fa739d08@cloudshell:~/flex_and_vision (qwiklabs-gcp-02-b31031997333)$ cat templates/homepage.html 
<!--
 Copyright 2021 Google LLC

 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 You may obtain a copy of the License at

      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 limitations under the License.
-->

<h1>Google Cloud Platform - Face Detection Sample</h1>

<p>This Python Flask application demonstrates App Engine Flexible, Google Cloud
Storage, Datastore, and the Cloud Vision API.</p>

<br>

<html>
  <body>
    <form action="upload_photo" method="POST" enctype="multipart/form-data">
      Upload File: <input type="file" name="file"><br>
      <input type="submit" name="submit" value="Submit">
    </form>
    
  </body>
</html> 
(env) student_04_bf71fa739d08@cloudshell:~/flex_and_vision (qwiklabs-gcp-02-b31031997333)$ 

Deploying the App to App Engine Flexible

App Engine Flexible uses a file called app.yaml to describe an application’s deployment configuration. If this file is not present, App Engine will try to guess the deployment configuration. However, it is a good idea to provide this file.

Next, you will modify app.yaml using an editor of your choice vim, nano, or emacs. We will use the nano editor:

env) student_04_bf71fa739d08@cloudshell:~/flex_and_vision (qwiklabs-gcp-02-b31031997333)$ cat app.yaml 
# Copyright 2021 Google LLC
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

runtime: python
env: flex
entrypoint: gunicorn -b :$PORT main:app

runtime_config:
  python_version: 3

env_variables:
  CLOUD_STORAGE_BUCKET: <your-cloud-storage-bucket>
(env) student_04_bf71fa739d08@cloudshell:~/flex_and_vision (qwiklabs-gcp-02-b31031997333)$ 

after modification

(env) student_04_bf71fa739d08@cloudshell:~/flex_and_vision (qwiklabs-gcp-02-b31031997333)$ cat app.yaml 
# Copyright 2021 Google LLC
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

runtime: python
env: flex
entrypoint: gunicorn -b :$PORT main:app

runtime_config:
  python_version: 3.7

env_variables:
  CLOUD_STORAGE_BUCKET: qwiklabs-gcp-02-b31031997333

manual_scaling:
  instances: 1
(env) student_04_bf71fa739d08@cloudshell:~/flex_and_vision (qwiklabs-gcp-02-b31031997333)$ 

This is the basic configuration needed to deploy a Python 3 App Engine Flex application. You can learn more about configuring App Engine at Configuring your App with app.yaml Guide.

(env) student_04_bf71fa739d08@cloudshell:~/flex_and_vision (qwiklabs-gcp-02-b31031997333)$ gcloud config set app/cloud_build_timeout 1000
Updated property [app/cloud_build_timeout].
(env) student_04_bf71fa739d08@cloudshell:~/flex_and_vision (qwiklabs-gcp-02-b31031997333)$ 

Watch in Cloud Shell as the application gets built. This will take up to 10 minutes. The App Engine Flexible environment is automatically provisioning a Compute Engine virtual machine for you behind the scenes, and then installing the application, then starting

env) student_04_bf71fa739d08@cloudshell:~/flex_and_vision (qwiklabs-gcp-02-b31031997333)$ gcloud app deploy
Services to deploy:

descriptor:                  [/home/student_04_bf71fa739d08/flex_and_vision/app.yaml]
source:                      [/home/student_04_bf71fa739d08/flex_and_vision]
target project:              [qwiklabs-gcp-02-b31031997333]
target service:              [default]
target version:              [20240517t162117]
target url:                  [https://qwiklabs-gcp-02-b31031997333.uw.r.appspot.com]
target service account:      [qwiklabs-gcp-02-b31031997333@appspot.gserviceaccount.com]


Do you want to continue (Y/n)?  y

Beginning deployment of service [default]...
Uploading 2138 files to Google Cloud Storage
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File upload done.
WARNING: python 3.7 and earlier versions will reach end of support on 2024-07-10 for App Engine flexible environment. After 2024-07-10, you cannot deploy new or re-deploy existing applications that use runtimes after their end of support date. We recommend that you migrate to the latest supported version of python.

Updating service [default] (this may take several minutes)...done.                                                                                                                 
Waiting for build to complete. Polling interval: 1 second(s).
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- REMOTE BUILD OUTPUT --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
starting build "084b3295-33ba-41ed-b6e0-daa6f4aca42d"

FETCHSOURCE
BUILD
Starting Step #0 - "fetcher"
Step #0 - "fetcher": Already have image (with digest): gcr.io/cloud-builders/gcs-fetcher
Step #0 - "fetcher": Fetching manifest gs://staging.qwiklabs-gcp-02-b31031997333.appspot.com/ae/2de3a7d1-2d3b-4a78-bd29-f5ff16dd6635/manifest.json.
Step #0 - "fetcher": Processing 2427 files.
Step #0 - "fetcher": ******************************************************
Step #0 - "fetcher": Status:                      SUCCESS
Step #0 - "fetcher": Started:                     2024-05-17T16:25:33Z
Step #0 - "fetcher": Completed:                   2024-05-17T16:25:36Z
Step #0 - "fetcher": Requested workers:    200
Step #0 - "fetcher": Actual workers:       200
Step #0 - "fetcher": Total files:         2427
Step #0 - "fetcher": Total retries:          0
Step #0 - "fetcher": GCS timeouts:           0
Step #0 - "fetcher": MiB downloaded:        64.04 MiB
Step #0 - "fetcher": MiB/s throughput:      25.12 MiB/s
Step #0 - "fetcher": Time for manifest:    435.17 ms
Step #0 - "fetcher": Total time:             3.01 s
Step #0 - "fetcher": ******************************************************
Finished Step #0 - "fetcher"
Starting Step #1
Step #1: Pulling image: gcr.io/gcp-runtimes/python/gen-dockerfile@sha256:ac444fc620f70ff80c19cde48d18242dbed63056e434f0039bf939433e7464aa
Step #1: gcr.io/gcp-runtimes/python/gen-dockerfile@sha256:ac444fc620f70ff80c19cde48d18242dbed63056e434f0039bf939433e7464aa: Pulling from gcp-runtimes/python/gen-dockerfile
Step #1: Digest: sha256:ac444fc620f70ff80c19cde48d18242dbed63056e434f0039bf939433e7464aa
Step #1: Status: Downloaded newer image for gcr.io/gcp-runtimes/python/gen-dockerfile@sha256:ac444fc620f70ff80c19cde48d18242dbed63056e434f0039bf939433e7464aa
Step #1: gcr.io/gcp-runtimes/python/gen-dockerfile@sha256:ac444fc620f70ff80c19cde48d18242dbed63056e434f0039bf939433e7464aa
Finished Step #1
Starting Step #2
Step #2: Pulling image: gcr.io/cloud-builders/docker@sha256:08c5443ff4f8ba85c2114576bb9167c4de0bf658818aea536d3456e8d0e134cd
Step #2: gcr.io/cloud-builders/docker@sha256:08c5443ff4f8ba85c2114576bb9167c4de0bf658818aea536d3456e8d0e134cd: Pulling from cloud-builders/docker
Step #2: 75f546e73d8b: Pulling fs layer
Step #2: 0f3bb76fc390: Pulling fs layer
Step #2: 3c2cba919283: Pulling fs layer
Step #2: 4d168e97939c: Pulling fs layer
Step #2: 3c2cba919283: Verifying Checksum
Step #2: 3c2cba919283: Download complete
Step #2: 0f3bb76fc390: Verifying Checksum
Step #2: 0f3bb76fc390: Download complete
Step #2: 75f546e73d8b: Verifying Checksum
Step #2: 75f546e73d8b: Download complete
Step #2: 75f546e73d8b: Pull complete
Step #2: 4d168e97939c: Verifying Checksum
Step #2: 4d168e97939c: Download complete
Step #2: 0f3bb76fc390: Pull complete
Step #2: 3c2cba919283: Pull complete
Step #2: 4d168e97939c: Pull complete
Step #2: Digest: sha256:08c5443ff4f8ba85c2114576bb9167c4de0bf658818aea536d3456e8d0e134cd
Step #2: Status: Downloaded newer image for gcr.io/cloud-builders/docker@sha256:08c5443ff4f8ba85c2114576bb9167c4de0bf658818aea536d3456e8d0e134cd
Step #2: gcr.io/cloud-builders/docker@sha256:08c5443ff4f8ba85c2114576bb9167c4de0bf658818aea536d3456e8d0e134cd
Step #2: Sending build context to Docker daemon   69.2MB
Step #2: Step 1/9 : FROM gcr.io/google-appengine/python@sha256:c6480acd38ca4605e0b83f5196ab6fe8a8b59a0288a7b8216c42dbc45b5de8f6
Step #2: gcr.io/google-appengine/python@sha256:c6480acd38ca4605e0b83f5196ab6fe8a8b59a0288a7b8216c42dbc45b5de8f6: Pulling from google-appengine/python
Step #2: Digest: sha256:c6480acd38ca4605e0b83f5196ab6fe8a8b59a0288a7b8216c42dbc45b5de8f6
Step #2: Status: Downloaded newer image for gcr.io/google-appengine/python@sha256:c6480acd38ca4605e0b83f5196ab6fe8a8b59a0288a7b8216c42dbc45b5de8f6
Step #2:  ce284ab20159
Step #2: Step 2/9 : LABEL python_version=python3.7
Step #2:  Running in 8e415e8f7ad7
Step #2: Removing intermediate container 8e415e8f7ad7
Step #2:  0a6e28c7989c
Step #2: Step 3/9 : RUN virtualenv --no-download /env -p python3.7
Step #2:  Running in 8b005e9f22e4
Step #2: created virtual environment CPython3.7.9.final.0-64 in 1239ms
Step #2:   creator CPython3Posix(dest=/env, clear=False, global=False)
Step #2:   seeder FromAppData(download=False, pip=bundle, wheel=bundle, setuptools=bundle, via=copy, app_data_dir=/root/.local/share/virtualenv)
Step #2:     added seed packages: pip==20.2.2, setuptools==49.6.0, wheel==0.35.1
Step #2:   activators PythonActivator,FishActivator,XonshActivator,CShellActivator,PowerShellActivator,BashActivator
Step #2: Removing intermediate container 8b005e9f22e4
Step #2:  baf49f600814
Step #2: Step 4/9 : ENV VIRTUAL_ENV /env
Step #2:  Running in 07e66a1cb1e7
Step #2: Removing intermediate container 07e66a1cb1e7
Step #2:  770939a79ac8
Step #2: Step 5/9 : ENV PATH /env/bin:$PATH
Step #2:  Running in f6f70eb1f517
Step #2: Removing intermediate container f6f70eb1f517
Step #2:  1e03b6cf5a18
Step #2: Step 6/9 : ADD requirements.txt /app/
Step #2:  f476fe58dd83
Step #2: Step 7/9 : RUN pip install -r requirements.txt
Step #2:  Running in 14fa680c9498
Step #2: Ignoring gunicorn: markers 'python_version < "3.0"' don't match your environment
Step #2: Ignoring google-cloud-storage: markers 'python_version < "3.7"' don't match your environment
Step #2: Collecting Flask==2.0.3
Step #2:   Downloading Flask-2.0.3-py3-none-any.whl (95 kB)
Step #2: Collecting gunicorn==20.1.0
Step #2:   Downloading gunicorn-20.1.0-py3-none-any.whl (79 kB)
Step #2: Collecting google-cloud-vision==2.1.0
Step #2:   Downloading google_cloud_vision-2.1.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (458 kB)
Step #2: Collecting google-cloud-storage==2.1.0
Step #2:   Downloading google_cloud_storage-2.1.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (106 kB)
Step #2: Collecting google-cloud-datastore==2.7.1
Step #2:   Downloading google_cloud_datastore-2.7.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (140 kB)
Step #2: Collecting Werkzeug==2.0.3
Step #2:   Downloading Werkzeug-2.0.3-py3-none-any.whl (289 kB)
Step #2: Collecting urllib3<2.0.0
Step #2:   Downloading urllib3-1.26.18-py2.py3-none-any.whl (143 kB)
Step #2: Collecting click>=7.1.2
Step #2:   Downloading click-8.1.7-py3-none-any.whl (97 kB)
Step #2: Collecting itsdangerous>=2.0
Step #2:   Downloading itsdangerous-2.1.2-py3-none-any.whl (15 kB)
Step #2: Collecting Jinja2>=3.0
Step #2:   Downloading jinja2-3.1.4-py3-none-any.whl (133 kB)
Step #2: Requirement already satisfied: setuptools>=3.0 in /env/lib/python3.7/site-packages (from gunicorn==20.1.0->-r requirements.txt (line 2)) (49.6.0)
Step #2: Collecting proto-plus>=1.4.0
Step #2:   Downloading proto_plus-1.23.0-py3-none-any.whl (48 kB)
Step #2: Collecting libcst>=0.2.5
Step #2:   Downloading libcst-1.0.1-cp37-cp37m-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl (2.9 MB)
Step #2: Collecting google-api-core[grpc]<2.0.0dev,>=1.22.2
Step #2:   Downloading google_api_core-1.34.1-py3-none-any.whl (120 kB)
Step #2: Collecting protobuf
Step #2:   Downloading protobuf-4.24.4-cp37-abi3-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl (311 kB)
Step #2: Collecting google-cloud-core<3.0dev,>=1.6.0
Step #2:   Downloading google_cloud_core-2.4.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (29 kB)
Step #2: Collecting requests<3.0.0dev,>=2.18.0
Step #2:   Downloading requests-2.31.0-py3-none-any.whl (62 kB)
Step #2: Collecting google-resumable-media>=1.3.0
Step #2:   Downloading google_resumable_media-2.7.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (80 kB)
Step #2: Collecting google-auth<3.0dev,>=1.25.0
Step #2:   Downloading google_auth-2.29.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (189 kB)
Step #2: Collecting importlib-metadata; python_version < "3.8"
Step #2:   Downloading importlib_metadata-6.7.0-py3-none-any.whl (22 kB)
Step #2: Collecting MarkupSafe>=2.0
Step #2:   Downloading MarkupSafe-2.1.5-cp37-cp37m-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl (25 kB)
Step #2: Collecting typing-extensions>=3.7.4.2
Step #2:   Downloading typing_extensions-4.7.1-py3-none-any.whl (33 kB)
Step #2: Collecting typing-inspect>=0.4.0
Step #2:   Downloading typing_inspect-0.9.0-py3-none-any.whl (8.8 kB)
Step #2: Collecting pyyaml>=5.2
Step #2:   Downloading PyYAML-6.0.1-cp37-cp37m-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl (670 kB)
Step #2: Collecting googleapis-common-protos<2.0dev,>=1.56.2
Step #2:   Downloading googleapis_common_protos-1.63.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (229 kB)
Step #2: Collecting grpcio-status<2.0dev,>=1.33.2; extra == "grpc"
Step #2:   Downloading grpcio_status-1.62.2-py3-none-any.whl (14 kB)
Step #2: Collecting grpcio<2.0dev,>=1.33.2; extra == "grpc"
Step #2:   Downloading grpcio-1.62.2-cp37-cp37m-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl (5.6 MB)
Step #2: Collecting idna<4,>=2.5
Step #2:   Downloading idna-3.7-py3-none-any.whl (66 kB)
Step #2: Collecting certifi>=2017.4.17
Step #2:   Downloading certifi-2024.2.2-py3-none-any.whl (163 kB)
Step #2: Collecting charset-normalizer<4,>=2
Step #2:   Downloading charset_normalizer-3.3.2-cp37-cp37m-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl (136 kB)
Step #2: Collecting google-crc32c<2.0dev,>=1.0
Step #2:   Downloading google_crc32c-1.5.0-cp37-cp37m-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl (32 kB)
Step #2: Collecting rsa<5,>=3.1.4
Step #2:   Downloading rsa-4.9-py3-none-any.whl (34 kB)
Step #2: Collecting pyasn1-modules>=0.2.1
Step #2:   Downloading pyasn1_modules-0.3.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (181 kB)
Step #2: Collecting cachetools<6.0,>=2.0.0
Step #2:   Downloading cachetools-5.3.3-py3-none-any.whl (9.3 kB)
Step #2: Collecting zipp>=0.5
Step #2:   Downloading zipp-3.15.0-py3-none-any.whl (6.8 kB)
Step #2: Collecting mypy-extensions>=0.3.0
Step #2:   Downloading mypy_extensions-1.0.0-py3-none-any.whl (4.7 kB)
Step #2: Collecting pyasn1>=0.1.3
Step #2:   Downloading pyasn1-0.5.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (84 kB)
Step #2: Installing collected packages: typing-extensions, zipp, importlib-metadata, click, itsdangerous, MarkupSafe, Jinja2, Werkzeug, Flask, gunicorn, protobuf, proto-plus, mypy-extensions, typing-inspect, pyyaml, libcst, googleapis-common-protos, idna, certifi, charset-normalizer, urllib3, requests, pyasn1, rsa, pyasn1-modules, cachetools, google-auth, grpcio, grpcio-status, google-api-core, google-cloud-vision, google-cloud-core, google-crc32c, google-resumable-media, google-cloud-storage, google-cloud-datastore
Step #2: Successfully installed Flask-2.0.3 Jinja2-3.1.4 MarkupSafe-2.1.5 Werkzeug-2.0.3 cachetools-5.3.3 certifi-2024.2.2 charset-normalizer-3.3.2 click-8.1.7 google-api-core-1.34.1 google-auth-2.29.0 google-cloud-core-2.4.1 google-cloud-datastore-2.7.1 google-cloud-storage-2.1.0 google-cloud-vision-2.1.0 google-crc32c-1.5.0 google-resumable-media-2.7.0 googleapis-common-protos-1.63.0 grpcio-1.62.2 grpcio-status-1.62.2 gunicorn-20.1.0 idna-3.7 importlib-metadata-6.7.0 itsdangerous-2.1.2 libcst-1.0.1 mypy-extensions-1.0.0 proto-plus-1.23.0 protobuf-4.24.4 pyasn1-0.5.1 pyasn1-modules-0.3.0 pyyaml-6.0.1 requests-2.31.0 rsa-4.9 typing-extensions-4.7.1 typing-inspect-0.9.0 urllib3-1.26.18 zipp-3.15.0
Step #2: ERROR: After October 2020 you may experience errors when installing or updating packages. This is because pip will change the way that it resolves dependency conflicts.
Step #2: 
Step #2: We recommend you use --use-feature=2020-resolver to test your packages with the new resolver before it becomes the default.
Step #2: 
Step #2: google-api-core 1.34.1 requires protobuf!=3.20.0,!=3.20.1,!=4.21.0,!=4.21.1,!=4.21.2,!=4.21.3,!=4.21.4,!=4.21.5,<4.0.0dev,>=3.19.5, but you'll have protobuf 4.24.4 which is incompatible.
Step #2: google-cloud-datastore 2.7.1 requires protobuf<4.0.0dev,>=3.19.0, but you'll have protobuf 4.24.4 which is incompatible.
Step #2: WARNING: You are using pip version 20.2.2; however, version 24.0 is available.
Step #2: You should consider upgrading via the '/env/bin/python -m pip install --upgrade pip' command.
Step #2: Removing intermediate container 14fa680c9498
Step #2:  6f3dff300654
Step #2: Step 8/9 : ADD . /app/
Step #2:  6385abddb99d
Step #2: Step 9/9 : CMD exec gunicorn -b :$PORT main:app
Step #2:  Running in 834e81ada53a
Step #2: Removing intermediate container 834e81ada53a
Step #2:  eb4b6d9aa67d
Step #2: Successfully built eb4b6d9aa67d
Step #2: Successfully tagged us.gcr.io/qwiklabs-gcp-02-b31031997333/appengine/default.20240517t162117:latest
Finished Step #2
PUSH
Pushing us.gcr.io/qwiklabs-gcp-02-b31031997333/appengine/default.20240517t162117
The push refers to repository [us.gcr.io/qwiklabs-gcp-02-b31031997333/appengine/default.20240517t162117]
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latest: digest: sha256:8a6bb61bab6f8c12ca1f16d8370d83f51488284b4ba42183b8370fc483a0aba3 size: 3674
DONE
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
WARNING: python 3.7 and earlier versions will reach end of support on 2024-07-10 for App Engine flexible environment. After 2024-07-10, you cannot deploy new or re-deploy existing applications that use runtimes after their end of support date. We recommend that you migrate to the latest supported version of python.

Updating service [default] (this may take several minutes)...working.                                       Updating service [default] (this may take several minutes)...done.
Setting traffic split for service [default]...done.                                                                                         
Deployed service [default] to [https://qwiklabs-gcp-02-b31031997333.uw.r.appspot.com]

You can stream logs from the command line by running:
  $ gcloud app logs tail -s default

To view your application in the web browser run:
  $ gcloud app browse
(env) student_04_bf71fa739d08@cloudshell:~/flex_and_vision (qwiklabs-gcp-02-b31031997333)$ 
(env) student_04_bf71fa739d08@cloudshell:~/flex_and_vision (qwiklabs-gcp-02-b31031997333)$ 

(env) student_04_bf71fa739d08@cloudshell:~/flex_and_vision (qwiklabs-gcp-02-b31031997333)$ gcloud app browse
Did not detect your browser. Go to this link to view your app:
https://qwiklabs-gcp-02-b31031997333.uw.r.appspot.com
(env) student_04_bf71fa739d08@cloudshell:~/flex_and_vision (qwiklabs-gcp-02-b31031997333)$ 

Congratulations! In this lab, you learned how to write and deploy a Python web application to the App Engine Flexible environment!

Summary

(env) student_04_bf71fa739d08@cloudshell:~/flex_and_vision (qwiklabs-gcp-02-b31031997333)$ history 
gcloud storage cp -r gs://spls/gsp023/flex_and_vision/ .
cd flex_and_vision
export PROJECT_ID=$(gcloud config get-value project)
gcloud iam service-accounts create qwiklab   --display-name "My Qwiklab Service Account"
gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding ${PROJECT_ID} --member serviceAccount:qwiklab@${PROJECT_ID}.iam.gserviceaccount.com --role roles/owner
gcloud iam service-accounts keys create ~/key.json --iam-account qwiklab@${PROJECT_ID}.iam.gserviceaccount.com
export GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS="/home/${USER}/key.json"
ls
cat ~/key.json 
virtualenv -p python3 env
source env/bin/activate
pip install -r requirements.txt
AE_REGION=us-west1
gcloud app create --region=$AE_REGION
export CLOUD_STORAGE_BUCKET=${PROJECT_ID}
gsutil mb gs://${PROJECT_ID}
python main.py
ls
cat main.py 
ls
cat main_test.py 
ls
cat app.yaml 
cat templates/homepage.html 
vi app.yaml 
cat app.yaml 
vi app.yaml 
cat app.yaml 
gcloud config set app/cloud_build_timeout 1000
gcloud app deploy
gcloud app browse
history 
(env) student_04_bf71fa739d08@cloudshell:~/flex_and_vision (qwiklabs-gcp-02-b31031997333)$ 

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Deploying a Python Flask Web Application to App Engine Flexible

Deploying a Python Flask Web Application to App Engine Flexible

Associate Cloud Engineer

Topics

Deploying a Python Flask Web Application to App Engine Flexible

About App Engine

Get the sample code

Authenticate API requests

Testing the application locally

Starting your virtual environment and installing dependencies

Creating an App Engine app

Creating a storage bucket

Running the Application

Exploring the code

Sample code layout

Deploying the App to App Engine Flexible

Summary

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